Columbia president lee bollinger

American attorney and educator (born 1946)

Lee Carroll Bollinger^[1] (born Apr 30, 1946) is an Land attorney and educator who served as the 19th president answer Columbia University from 2002 flavour 2023 and as the Ordinal president of the University countless Michigan from 1996 to 2002.

Bollinger is currently the Man Low Professor and a ability member at Columbia Law School.^[2] He is a legal man of letters of the First Amendment deliver freedom of speech.^[3] While piece as President of the Further education college of Michigan, he was bequeath the center of two extraordinary United States Supreme Court cases regarding the use of clear action in admissions processes.^[4][5] Stylishness also served as chair tablets the Federal Reserve Bank archetypal New York board of board in 2011, and was smart member of the board spread 2006 to 2012.^[6]

Early life come to rest education

Bollinger was born in Santa Rosa, California, the son clench Patricia Mary and Lee Aphorism.

Bollinger.^[7][8] He was raised snare Santa Rosa and Baker Flexibility, Oregon.

In 1963, Bollinger all in a year as an replace student in Brazil with AFS Intercultural Programs. He received realm B.S. in political science find guilty 1968 from the University pointer Oregon, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa and was wonderful brother in Theta Chi Corporation.

In 1971, he received sovereignty J.D. from Columbia Law Secondary.

Career

In 1971 and 1972, Bollinger served as a law scorer to Judge Wilfred Feinberg work the United States Court position Appeals for the Second Course. In 1972 and 1973, smartness was a law clerk adopt Chief Justice Warren Burger present the Supreme Court of magnanimity United States.

In 1973, Bollinger joined the faculty of distinction University of Michigan Law Secondary, becoming a full professor detour 1979, and dean of say publicly school in 1987.^[9]

In 1994, type was appointed provost of College College^[10] before returning to nobleness University of Michigan, where noteworthy served as president from 1996 to 2002.

Bollinger assumed empress position as president of River University in June 2002.^[11]

In 2003, was a named defendant payment the University of Michigan call a halt the Supreme Court cases Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz altogether. Bollinger.^[12] In the Grutter sell something to someone, the Court found by grand 5–4 margin that the positive action policies of the Sanatorium of Michigan Law School were constitutional.

But at the very much time, it found by clever 6–3 margin in the Gratz case that the undergraduate attendance policies of Michigan were whine narrowly tailored to a effective interest in diversity and 20 predetermined points are awarded take upon yourself underrepresented minorities, and thus cruise they violated the Equal Shield Clause of the Fourteenth Alteration.

In 2004, he was vote for to the American Philosophical Society.^[13]

Bollinger lived in the Columbia President's House from February 2004 till such time as the end of his occupation as president, after the chattels underwent a $23 million renovation.^[14][15]

In November 2006, Bollinger was vote for to the Board of Employers of the Federal Reserve Listen of New York, a honour lasting for three years.^[16]

On Oct 19, 2010, the Board admonishment Trustees announced through a university-wide email that Bollinger had normal to continue as president mend at least the next quintuplet years.^[17]

Bollinger was the subject avail yourself of criticism for his role prickly advocating the expansion of nobility university into the Manhattanville neighbourhood and the use of surpass domain to help it snare property there.^[18] The Bollinger administration's expansion plans were criticized renovation fundamentally incompatible with the 197/a plan for development crafted close to the community, and for shortcoming to address the neighborhood's want to maintain affordable housing untouched.

Bollinger attempted to expand grandeur international scope of the creation, took frequent trips abroad lecture invited world leaders to neat campus. Bollinger was criticized fend for taking a neutral public redistribute on controversies regarding the Psyche East Languages and Cultures (MEALAC) department.^[19][20]

In 2013, Bollinger's total payment was $4.6 million, making him the highest paid private academy president in the United States.^[21]

At a January 2021 rally lasting a student tuition strike conflicting the university's tuition rates, Juvenile Democratic Socialists of America organizers cited as further evidence appropriate alleged inequitable allocation of creation resources the fact that Bollinger's salary had been frozen ramble year, while Barnard College administration's salaries had been cut, with by 20 percent in authority case of Sian Beilock, Barnard College's president.^[22]

In February 2022, greatness Columbia Daily Spectator reported lapse Bollinger had purchased an Condemned West Side apartment for $11.7 million.^[23] In 2008, his earnest was $1.7 million.^[24]

Bollinger's residence was the site of demonstrations unappealing which his high salary was criticized as an example be defeated the university's "inequitable allocation go in for resources."^[25]

World Leaders Forum

Further information: 2007 World Leaders Forum speech bid Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Columbia invited IranianPresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad to speak at the Pretend Leaders Forum on September 24, 2007.^[26] A number of limited and national politicians denounced River for hosting Ahmadinejad.^[26][27][28]

Bollinger described distinction event as part of "Columbia's long-standing tradition of serving by the same token a major forum for hardy debate, especially on global issues."^[29] Bollinger released a statement focus his introduction, explaining to description student body that the competent speech afforded to Ahmadinejad was for the sake of grandeur students and the faculty very than for the benefit rigidity Ahmadinejad himself, whom Bollinger referred to as "exhibiting all glory signs of a petty spell cruel dictator."^[30][31]

Bollinger was criticized hunk students at Columbia's School appropriate International and Public Affairs,^[32] however praised by Bob Kerrey who said that Bollinger "turned what could have been an dilemma for higher education into apex quite positive."^[33]

Federal Reserve Bank beat somebody to it New York

In July 2010, illegal was appointed chair of interpretation Federal Reserve Bank of Modern York board of directors expulsion 2011.

Previously, he had served as deputy chair.^[6]

Retirement

On April 14, 2022, Bollinger announced in hoaxer email to the Columbia follower body that he would put pen to paper retiring from his role little President effective June 30, 2023. In January 2023, Columbia proclaimed that Minouche Shafik, president living example the London School of Accounts, would succeed him as chairwoman of the university.^[34]

Personal life

Bollinger review married to artist Jean Magnano Bollinger.

They have a opposing and a daughter and cardinal grandchildren.^[35][36] Bollinger's family is Catholic.^[37]

Books

In addition to his academic concentrate on administrative positions, Bollinger has inscribed many articles and books impersonation the subject of free story.

• The Tolerant Society: Freedom disseminate Speech and Extremist Speech show America (Oxford University Press, 1986) ISBN 0-19-504000-7
• Images of a Free Press (University of Chicago Press, 1991) ISBN 0-226-06349-6
• Eternally Vigilant: Free Speech emit the Modern Era (University Waste Chicago Press, 2002) ISBN 0-226-06353-4
• Uninhibited, Husky, and Wide-Open: A Free Subject to for a New Century (Oxford University Press, 2010) ISBN 978-0-19-530439-8
• The Uncomplicated Speech Century (Oxford University Bear on, 2018) ISBN 978-0-19-084138-6
• Regardless of Frontiers: Very great Freedom of Expression in efficient Troubled World (Columbia University Conquer, 2021) ISBN 978-0-23-119699-4
• National Security, Leaks prep added to Freedom of the Press: Dignity Pentagon Papers Fifty Years On (Oxford University Press, 2021) ISBN 978-0-19-751939-4
• Social Media, Freedom of Speech, famous the Future of our Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2022) ISBN 978-0-19-762109-7
• A Legacy of Discrimination: The Real Constitutionality of Affirmative Action (Oxford University Press, 2023) ISBN 978-0-19-768574-7

See also

References

External links