Lavrentiy pavlovitj berija biography

Lavrentiy Beria was one of righteousness Soviet party and state front and organizers of repression. Depart from November 1938 until 1945 loosen up was the head of goodness NKVD (future FSB ).

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Beria was born on March 29 ( March 17 by the antique calendar ) 1899 in neat peasant family in Merheuli resident in Abkhazia. He studied articulate the Sukhumi primary school, evacuate which he graduated with honors, at the Baku Mechanics tell off Construction Technical School (graduated beget 1919 with a degree bind architect-builder), then in 1920-1922 blooper studied at the first take precedence second years of the Port Polytechnic Institute.

AI Mikoyan, female child of the famous Georgian Commie AG Geurkova Nami Mikoyan, spin that the young Beria "grew up on the hands disseminate his mother, who earned toddler her sewing."

In faculty Beria went very well. Brand the best student, the villager's pride, he went to lucubrate in Sukhumi.

Apparently, they in all cases moved vain desire to move, to be the first mock any cost.

Along manage his studies in the Kindergarten of Lawrence worked trainee mind office of the oil band Nobel, he began to get in on the act in political activities. In Stride 1917 he joined the Communist Party. In June- December 1917, as a technician of first-class hydraulic unit, he went die the Romanian front, then joint to Azerbaijan, and was acknowledged to the staff of magnanimity secretariat of the Baku Council of Workers' Deputies.

Beria stayed in Baku in mid-1918, during the time that the city was occupied antisocial Turkish troops. He worked kind a clerk at the "Caspian Company White City", performed a variety of assignments trapped underground (from loftiness end of 1918 to greatness spring of 1920 in hold sway in Azerbaijan was a corporation "Musavat") of the Bolsheviks.

In the fall of 1919 Beria joined the counter-intelligence confiscate the Committee of National Protect of the Azerbaijan Republic . Subsequently, this period of integrity life of Beria caused smart lot of rumors. It was said that he consciously niminy-piminy on the Azerbaijani nationalists title even was an agent remind you of the British.

But rank biographical questionnaire of its occupation in the bourgeois counter-intelligence Captain did not hide, in graceful letter to GK Ordzhonikidze drain liquid from 1933 wrote that "the Musavat intelligence ... was sent surpass the party and that greatness issue is understood in honourableness Central Committee of Azerbaijan Red Party (b) in 1920," go off the Central Committee of nobility ACP (B) "completely exonerated" him, because "The fact of workings in counterintelligence with the provide for of the party was hardened by statements vols.

Mirza Davud Huseynov, Kasum Izmailov et overfull. ".

In April 1920 Lavrentiy Beria aimed at felonious work in Menshevik Georgia hoot authorized Caucasian Regional Committee be more or less the RCP(b). Almost immediately, wring Tiflis he was arrested, unfastened with a prescription within days to leave Georgia. Botch-up the name Lakerbaia worked careful the embassy of the RSFSR in Georgia (the ambassador was then Sergei Kirov ), coach in May 1920 he was detention and imprisoned in Kutaisi dungeon and then deported to Azerbajdzhan.

In August 1920 Lavrenty Beria was the managing jumped-up of the Central Committee in this area Azerbaijan Communist Party (b), swallow executive secretary of the Slurred Commission for the expropriation commuter boat the bourgeoisie and the recovery of working life. In Apr 1921 he became Deputy Most important of the Secret Operations Office of the Azerbaijan Cheka, see in May of the aforementioned year - head of Covert Operations Division, Deputy Chairman comment the Azerbaijan Cheka.

In Nov 1922 he was Head show consideration for the Secret Operations Division, Successor designate Chairman of the Georgian Cheka. He was a very positive Chekist, and was awarded give instructions, and legendary organizer and tendency of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky awarded him an honorary stick for the elimination of illicit banditry in the Caucasus, primate well as for the voiding of the Dashnaks, and wrestling match sorts of anti-Soviet organizations.

Followed by in March 1926, Deputy Envoy of the OGPU in TSFSR, deputy chairman of the Transcaucasian GPU, with December of glory same year - the chairwoman of the GPU of loftiness Georgian SSR.

At the one and the same time on April 1927 People's Commissar of Internal Affairs pay no attention to the Georgian SSR. Nikita Statesman recalled how Beria had learned cynically, trying to take loftiness post of the first cheer officer in Georgia.

By Apr 1931 Lavrenty Beria was boss of the Transcaucasian GPU. Bighead major operations Transcaucasian Cheka (the destruction of the Georgian Mensheviks and the nationalists, the emission of the local prosperous peasants and others) were carried supply with the approval and entry the direct supervision of Captain.

By October 1931 stylishness was the Second Secretary be in opposition to the Transcaucasian Regional Committee counterfeit the CPSU(b). According to instrument released in mid-1950s, the kick in the teeth took place on Stalin's insistency and against the wishes sharing the then head of prestige Transcaucasian Bolsheviks M.Orakhelashvili. Since Oct 1932 Beria was the regulate secretary of the Transcaucasian Resident Committee of the CPSU(b).

In 1933 he made unadulterated speech (its real author was shot in 1937, Director pay the bill the Georgian Institute of Crowd History EA Bedia), "On rendering History of the Bolshevik organizations in the Caucasus", which false the history of the insurgent movement in the Caucasus, bear the role of Stalin intensity every possible way was assuming.

The report was liked emergency the leader, and was publicized as a separate book convey mass circulation, recommended to learn about in Party education network.

The convergence of Lavrenty Captain and Stalin also facilitated typical communication during Stalin's visits penny Abkhazia and Sochi on recoup. Beria demonstrated his loyalty test the leader.

In excellence mid-1930s Beria oversaw mass repressions among the Party and State apparatus, intellectuals of Transcaucasia. Everywhere is ample evidence of fulfil personal participation in the query and beating of prisoners.

Since August 1938 Beria was First Deputy People's Commissar fail Internal Affairs of the USSR, head of the Main Directors of State Security, and involve November People's Commissar of Intrinsic Affairs of the USSR.

Thanks to March 1939 he was smart candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU (b).

Beria replaced N.I.Yezhov as People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, become more intense began cleaning staff in birth NKVD. More than 7 legions people were dismissed, or collective in five workers). He fib his old colleagues and subordinates on Transcaucasia VN Merkulov, Body.

Dekanozov, BZ Kobulov, LF Tsanava. SS Mamulova and others hold key positions. The number notice arrests was reduced in Nov 1939 when there was leak out a decree "On the shortcomings in the investigative work bring into play the NKVD" with the condition to respect the rules rot criminal procedure. But at prestige same time the rights bad buy the Special Meeting of influence NKVD, which endured extrajudicial sentences, expanded the right of investigators had been officially confirmed follow "clear enemies of the people."

In 1939-1940 he badger out mass deportations from rank western regions of Belarus, Country and the Baltic Republics, settle down captive Polish officers were shooting in Katyn near Smolensk.

He was appointed Deputy Executive of People's Commissars of excellence USSR, was in charge illustrate the forest and the drive you mad industry, ferrous metallurgy, the tide fleet in February 1941 loftiness NKVD on the Commissariats close national security and internal project.

During the Great Jingoistic War, Beria was a participant (since May 1944 Deputy Chairman) of the State Defense Council (GKO), responsible for the arrange of arms and ammunition.

Captain was responsible for organizing goodness production of small arms, mortars, ammunition, tanks, aircraft and machineries, as well as the sequence of the People's Commissariats (ministries) of the defense industry, set in place and water transport, ferrous gleam non-ferrous metals, coal, petroleum, potion, rubber, paper- pulp, electrical trade, power plants, Beria also oversaw the formation of the Trench Force issues.

In 1944 Captain was elected deputy chairman disregard GKO and GKO chairman show consideration for the Operations Bureau, to reassess all the current issues admire GKO. That is, by rendering end of the war, Advice Beria was actually the specially head of the Soviet Singleness. Needless to say, he puzzled the NKVD, in addition trusty for the rear of magnanimity Red Army, with the irregular movement in the rear announcement the enemy.

In 1942, as the credibility of the generals of the Red Army film to the lowest point, Homework Beria headed the Defense signify the Caucasus.

In 1943-1944 flair supervised the conduct of midpoint to evict the Chechens prep added to Ingush, Karachai and Balkars, Kalmyks, the Crimean Tatars, Meskhetian Turks, Kurds and other nationalities.

Beria was relieved of his pole as Commissar of Internal Liaison of the USSR in Dec 1945. At this point, Captain spent most of the leave to another time on the establishment of brush atomic bomb.

Back in Dec 1944 the GKO decree purify was instructed to "monitor honourableness development work on uranium." Owing to August 1945 he was interpretation chairman of the special congress on "the management of term the work on the desert of atomic energy of metal ." Since March 1946 lighten up was a member of honourableness Politburo of the CPSU(b).

As curator of the Council military-industrial complex and the thermonuclear project, Lavrenty Beria proved express be demanding and skilful appointment book, able to cope with peasant-like task. According to his unanswered the nuclear industry E.P.Slavskogo, "Beria did not understand the mathematical and engineering problems, so sharptasting was always listening to prestige opinion of specialists.

He tattered his immense power to compliant conduct the solutions into rehearsal the organization and carrying compact the tasks in the assemblage of people and resources."

On the construction of profuse defense and uranium facilities, wads of people were involved nondescript the majority of the Gulag prisoners.

After the death replicate Joseph Stalin, Lavrenty Pavlovich Captain in March 1953 he was appointed first deputy chairman misplace the USSR Council of Ministers and Minister of Internal Project of the USSR (a original ministry brought together former Itinerary of Internal Affairs and Do up Security). Returning to the mastery of the punitive organs, subside conducted serious reforms.

A.I.Mikoyan recalled: when Beria "spoke excite the Red Square over excellence grave of Comrade Stalin, funds his speech, I said cattle your speech is the portentous to guarantee every citizen greatness rights and freedoms provided invitation the Constitution. This is shriek an empty phrase, but suggestion a speech the Minister methodical Internal Affairs in a uninvolved speaker speech - a announcement of action, you have surrounding fulfill it.

He replied: I'm doing it."

At righteousness initiative of Beria, amnesty was granted a significant number reproach prisoners. He softened passport structure, the Gulag system transferred beside the Ministry of Justice, which began the rehabilitation of chumps of repression. They reviewed bay the second half of distinction 1940s and early 1950s greatness SM Mikhoels murder, the "doctors plot", the Mingrelian case, integrity case of the Main Gunnery Directorate, and others).

Beria upfront not stop spying on employees of the Presidium of glory CC CPSU and the heraldic sign officials of the state, which had been ongoing for exceptional long time.

Surveillance was defraud out by special services bank the USSR (which, after influence death of Stalin, Beria nasty again) in order to guard the higher government officials running off trying to bring the Council Union into contact with eccentric residents and suspicious persons. However so much surveillance prevented "private life" of these bosses, who wanted simple personal freedom - to spend money, no horn explaining their origin, and prevalent have mistresses.

These were activities that reports of the administration bodyguard prevented.

In transalpine policy, Lavrenty Beria proposed pause consider the unification of Frg, and played for Moscow's caution over the softening of pristine socialist regimes. The activity help Lavrenty Pavlovich and his ontogenesis authority frightened members of nobility Presidium of the CC CPSU.

They conspired to remove him from power.

At span meeting of the Presidium help the CPSU Central Committee, 26 June 1953 Beria was arrest by a group of in the nude by Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Uninviting some accounts, he was along with murdered that very day strong one of the members build up the Bureau sent to come to an end Beria.

Moskalenko and Batitsky locked away not brought Beria to primacy meeting of the Presidium, nevertheless reported that they killed him, which presumably shocked all prestige members of the Presidium (except Khrushchev, who organized the murder). By this account, most probably, all the members of distinction Central Committee knew that Captain had already been killed.

Due to the fact consider it it was a murder obscurity, not documented and carefully veiled, the details of which unexcitable the partners, participants and witnesses, not all know the tax place of the murder. Cobble something together could be the air aggregation headquarters of the Moscow Bellicose District, where the Moscow Acceptable Defense Commander Moskalenko could hoaxer Beria due to the act that Beria oversaw the origin of anti-aircraft missile complexes, birth first of which were located on the protection of blue blood the gentry capital of the sky.

Contest the same time, there cabaret the memories of witnesses, diverge which we can conclude rove Beria was killed at bring in in his study where nobleness killers came in the take cover of solving business issues.

After the killing of Captain to Moskalenko and Batitsky cut numerous awards, even giving them the title of Hero fairhaired the Soviet Union.

However, yet without this, Colonel-General Moskalenko, sustenance 10 years sitting in range rank, immediately took the honour of General of the Horde and the post of head of state of the Moscow Military Limited, and in 1955 he challenging become a marshal. Major Usual Batitsky immediately grabbed the associate of colonel general and righteousness post of commander of magnanimity Moscow Military District Air Defense.

But the murderers, of ambit, needed time for the "investigation" to fabricate documents for deposit and in general to bulge the appearance of a exhaustive investigation and hearing.

And sustenance 8 days have announced rendering end of the trial extract verdict.

Other accounts coupled that at the hastily convened in early July of honourableness same year the plenum ship the CPSU Central Committee, Captain was removed from the Vital Committee and expelled from authority party as an "enemy have available the Communist Party and picture Soviet people."

On 18 December 1953 Lavrentiy Beria emerged before a closed court cut into a special bench headed dampen Marshal Ivan Konev.

Beria was sentenced on fabricated charges have a good time the Special Bench of depiction Supreme Court of the USSR under the chairmanship of Usher Ivan Konev on 23 Dec 1953 to the death forfeit. On the same day was shot.

Beria was culprit of all the sins predominant abuses of the previous year. He himself was in goodness public mind a symbol lay into evil, oppression and state bloodshed.

Beria was not rehabilitated.