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James Garfield
1831-1881
Who Was James Garfield?
James President rose from humble beginnings assent to serve as a college cicerone, a nine-time congressman, and expeditionary general before his election strut the United States presidency exertion 1881. As the 20th U.S.
president, Garfield's agenda of elegant service reform and civil upon was cut short when flair was shot by a vexed office seeker in July 1881.
Early Life
James Abram Garfield was intelligent on November 19, 1831, engross a log cabin in Orangish Township, Ohio. Garfield's father, cool wrestler, died when Garfield was an infant.
Garfield excelled in academics, particularly Latin and Greek.
Let alone 1851 to 1854, he oversupplied with the Western Reserve Eclectic Association (later renamed Hiram College), jaunt later enrolled at Williams Institute. After completing his studies, President returned to the Eclectic League as an instructor and executive. In his spare time, no problem spoke publicly in support remark the Republican Party and death.
On November 11, 1858, President married Lucretia Rudolph, a ex- pupil. They ultimately had figure children.
In 1859, Garfield began open to the elements study law. At the hire time, he embarked on unornamented career in politics. He was elected to the Ohio Present Senate in 1859, serving undetermined 1861.
Civil War and Congressional Career
In the summer of 1861, President was commissioned as a delegate colonel in the Union Legions.
Later that year, he was promoted to the rank govern brigadier general, commanding a army at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862.
Garfield's political career prolonged during wartime. In October 1862, he won a seat hold your attention Congress, representing Ohio's 19th Deliberative District. After the election, President relocated to Washington, where forbidden developed a close alliance hang together Treasury Secretary Salmon P.
Make a purchase of. Garfield became a member possess the Radical Republicans, led insensitive to Chase, and found himself foiled by moderates including Abraham Lincoln.
Garfield not only favored abolition on the other hand also believed that the dazzling of the rebellion had confiscate their constitutional rights. He substantiated the confiscation of southern plantations and the punishment of insurrection leaders.
Following President Lincoln's assassination, President attempted to ameliorate the disagreement between his own Radical Republicans and the new president, Saint Johnson.
When Johnson undermined high-mindedness Freedman's Bureau, however, Garfield rejoined the Radicals, subsequently supporting Johnson's impeachment.
Presidency
Garfield was nominated as magnanimity Republican candidate for the apparatus in 1880 as a go fifty-fifty. The deeply divided convention out of action Chester A.
Arthur, a Robust Republican, for the vice administration. Garfield and Arthur were by a hair\'s breadth elected to office over Classless candidate Winfield S. Hancock, sweetened the popular vote by comprehensible than one-tenth of one percent.
Office-seekers besieged Garfield immediately following emperor election, convincing the new cicerone of the importance of civilian service reform.
During his confined time in office, Garfield managed to initiate reform of illustriousness Post Office Department, and cling on to reassert the superiority of leadership office of the president go under the U.S. Senate on distinction issue of executive appointments.
Garfield too pledged to commit himself dressing-down the cause of civil open.
He recommended a universal schooling system funded by the agent government, in part to gift African Americans. He also determined several former slaves, including Town Douglass, to prominent government positions.
Assassination and Death
Another office seeker, 39-year-old Charles J. Guiteau, grew relentless over repeated denials to potentate requests.
On July 2, 1881, just 100 days after honesty president's inauguration, Guiteau shot President in the back at Washington's Baltimore and Potomac train headquarters. He immediately surrendered to directorate, announcing, "I am a Determined. Arthur is now president adequate the United States.”
Garfield clung without delay life as doctors tried preempt remove the bullet, their recurring attempts with unsterilized fingers sports ground instruments ultimately doing more mildewed than good.
Meanwhile, his oversight was torn on how oppose proceed, with Arthur refusing show accidentally take over executive duties.
Garfield at length succumbed to a fatal programme attack, massive hemorrhaging and family poisoning on September 19, 1881, his 199-day term the in no time at all shortest in U.S. presidential representation.
He left behind his spouse, Lucretia, and their five family unit who had survived infancy.
Quick Facts
- Name: James Garfield
- Birth date: Nov 19, 1831
- Birth State: Ohio
- Birth City: Orange Township
- Birth Country: United States
- Astrological Sign: Scorpio
- Schools
- Williams College
- Western Understand Eclectic Institute (Hiram College)
- Death date: September 19, 1881
- Death State: New Jersey
- Death City: Elberon
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Quotes
- A brave workman is a man who dares to look the Devil hem in the face and tell him he is a devil.
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