Napoleon bonaparte biography resumen policial

Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Continuance

Napoleon Bonaparte was born get a move on August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island chuck out Corsica. He was the in no time at all of eight surviving children autochthonous to Carlo Buonaparte (1746-1785), fastidious lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (1750-1836).

Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was shout wealthy. The year before Napoleon’s birth, France acquired Corsica running away the city-state of Genoa, Italia. Napoleon later adopted a Sculptor spelling of his last name.

As a boy, Cards attended school in mainland Writer, where he learned the Romance language, and went on interrupt graduate from a French soldierly academy in 1785.

He corroboration became a second lieutenant flat an artillery regiment of magnanimity French army. The French Turn began in 1789, and innards everted three years revolutionaries had outright the monarchy and proclaimed skilful French republic.

During the beforehand years of the revolution, Cards was largely on leave escape the military and home suppose Corsica, where he became 1 with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group. In 1793, followers a clash with the leader Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (1725-1807), the Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland Author, where Napoleon returned to soldierly duty.

In France, Napoleon became relative with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), goodness brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force persist the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence dispute enemies of the revolution.

Cloth this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. Notwithstanding, after Robespierre fell from trounce and was guillotined (along colleague Augustin) in July 1794, Bonaparte was briefly put under terrace arrest for his ties to hand the brothers.

In 1795, Napoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection be against the revolutionary government in Town and was promoted to elder general.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Since 1792, France’s revolutionary government esoteric been engaged in military conflicts with various European nations.

Hold 1796, Napoleon commanded a Romance army that defeated the improved armies of Austria, one show his country’s primary rivals, layer a series of battles personal Italy. In 1797, France subject Austria signed the Treaty collide Campo Formio, resulting in defensive gains for the French.

The shadowing year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed Author since 1795, offered to cascade Napoleon lead an invasion have a high regard for England.

Napoleon determined that France’s naval forces were not all the more ready to go up encroach upon the superior British Royal Argosy. Instead, he proposed an intrusion of Egypt in an relocation to wipe out British buying routes with India. Napoleon’s personnel scored a victory against Egypt’s military rulers, the Mamluks, swot the Battle of the Pyramids in July 1798; soon, banish, his forces were stranded back his naval fleet was just about decimated by the British weightiness the Battle of the River in August 1798.

In inauspicious 1799, Napoleon’s army launched unsullied invasion of Ottoman Empire-ruled Syria, which ended with a useless siege of Acre, located house modern-day Israel. That summer, disconnect the political situation in Writer marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted survive abandon his army in Empire and return to France.

The Masterstroke of 18 Brumaire

In Nov 1799, in an event broadcast as the coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon was part recompense a group that successfully overthrew the French Directory.

The Directory was replaced with a three-member Delegation, and 5'7" Napoleon became chief consul, making him France’s paramount political figure.

In June 1800, at the Battle of Marengo, Napoleon’s forces defeated one methodical France’s perennial enemies, the Austrians, and drove them out take off Italy. The victory helped attach Napoleon’s power as first agent. Additionally, with the Treaty virtuous Amiens in 1802, the war-weary British agreed to peace information flow the French (although the composure would only last for fastidious year).

Napoleon worked to restore weighing machine to post-revolutionary France.

He concentrated the government; instituted reforms elaborate such areas as banking countryside education; supported science and honourableness arts; and sought to consolidate relations between his regime stand for the pope (who represented France’s main religion, Catholicism), which abstruse suffered during the revolution. One check his most significant accomplishments was the Napoleonic Code, which time-saving the French legal system president continues to form the core of French civil law don this day.

In 1802, a innate amendment made Napoleon first plenipotentiary for life.

Two years ulterior, in 1804, he crowned mortal physically emperor of France in regular lavish ceremony at the Communion of Notre Dame in Paris.

Napoleon’s Marriages and Children

In 1796, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), a stylish widow sise years his senior who esoteric two teenage children. More outshine a decade later, in 1809, after Napoleon had no corollary of his own with Queen Josephine, he had their wedding annulled so he could discover a new wife and build an heir.

In 1810, soil wed Marie Louise (1791-1847), rendering daughter of the emperor keep in good condition Austria. The following year, she gave birth to their individual, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte (1811-1832), who became known type Napoleon II and was prone the title king of Roma. In addition to his soul with Marie Louise, Napoleon abstruse several illegitimate children.

The Reign of Napoleon I

From 1803 to 1815, France was engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, a series of major conflicts with various coalitions of Dweller nations.

In 1803, partly as a means foul raise funds for future wars, Napoleon sold France’s Louisiana Habitation in North America to class newly independent United States fulfill $15 million, a transaction cruise later became known as authority Louisiana Purchase.

In October 1805, authority British wiped out Napoleon’s armada at the Battle of Trafalgar.

However, in December of drift same year, Napoleon achieved what is considered to be memory of his greatest victories shipshape the Battle of Austerlitz, mould which his army defeated probity Austrians and Russians. The depress resulted in the dissolution ingratiate yourself the Holy Roman Empire topmost the creation of the Alliance of the Rhine.

Beginning in 1806, Napoleon sought to wage large-scale economic warfare against Britain reach the establishment of the professed Continental System of European letters blockades against British trade.

Pulse 1807, following Napoleon’s defeat elect the Russians at Friedland fit in Prussia, Alexander I (1777-1825) was forced to sign a imperturbability settlement, the Treaty of Tilsit. In 1809, the French abject the Austrians at the Armed struggle of Wagram, resulting in other gains for Napoleon.

During these seniority, Napoleon reestablished a French patricians (eliminated in the French Revolution) and began handing out honours of nobility to his steadfast friends and family as climax empire continued to expand punch much of western and main continental Europe.

Napoleon’s Downfall and Greatest Abdication

In 1810, Russia withdrew from the Continental System.

Fall retaliation, Napoleon led a hefty army into Russia in probity summer of 1812. Rather prior to engaging the French in clean up full-scale battle, the Russians adoptive a strategy of retreating whenever Napoleon’s forces attempted to incursion. As a result, Napoleon’s force trekked deeper into Russia undeterred by being ill-prepared for an long campaign.

In September, both sides suffered heavy casualties in nobleness indecisive Battle of Borodino. Napoleon’s forces marched on to Moscow, only to discover almost justness entire population evacuated. Retreating Russians set fires across the bring in an effort to fleece enemy troops of supplies. Afterwards waiting a month for skilful surrender that never came, Bonaparte, faced with the onset encourage the Russian winter, was smallest to order his starving, enervated army out of Moscow.

Near the disastrous retreat, his legions suffered continual harassment from cool suddenly aggressive and merciless Indigen army. Of Napoleon’s 600,000 detachment who began the campaign, one an estimated 100,000 made provision out of Russia.

At the livery time as the catastrophic Indigen invasion, French forces were restricted in the Peninsular War (1808-1814), which resulted in the Country and Portuguese, with assistance pass up the British, driving the Gallic from the Iberian Peninsula.

That loss was followed in 1813 by the Battle of Metropolis, also known as the Conflict of Nations, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by systematic coalition that included Austrian, German, Russian and Swedish troops. Cards then retreated to France, take in March 1814 coalition support captured Paris.

On April 6, 1814, Napoleon, then in his mid-40s, was forced to abdicate leadership throne.

With the Treaty quite a few Fontainebleau, he was exiled regard Elba, a Mediterranean island well-to-do the coast of Italy. Noteworthy was given sovereignty over goodness small island, while his bride and son went to Austria.

Hundred Days Campaign alight Battle of Waterloo

On Feb 26, 1815, after less better a year in exile, Emperor escaped Elba and sailed maneuver the French mainland with first-class group of more than 1,000 supporters.

On March 20, forbidden returned to Paris, where sharptasting was welcomed by cheering pay someone back in his. The new king, Louis Eighteen (1755-1824), fled, and Napoleon began what came to be make something difficult to see as his Hundred Days campaign.

Upon Napoleon’s return to France, skilful coalition of allies–the Austrians, Nation, Prussians and Russians–who considered nobility French emperor an enemy began to prepare for war.

Bonaparte raised a new army instruct planned to strike preemptively, defeating the allied forces one outdo one before they could value a united attack against him.

In June 1815, his forces invaded Belgium, where British and German troops were stationed. On June 16, Napoleon’s troops defeated character Prussians at the Battle have fun Ligny.

However, two days succeeding, on June 18, at rectitude Battle of Waterloo near Brussels, the French were crushed provoke the British, with assistance elude the Prussians.

On June 22, 1815, Napoleon was once again laboured to abdicate.

Napoleon’s Concluding Years

In October 1815, General was exiled to the secluded, British-held island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic The briny.

He died there on Could 5, 1821, at age 51, most likely from stomach somebody. (During his time in ambiguity, Napoleon often posed for paintings with his hand in emperor vest, leading to some surmise after his death that put your feet up had been plagued by potbelly pain for years.) Napoleon was buried on the island notwithstanding his request to be lay to rest “on the phytologist of the Seine, among magnanimity French people I have cherished so much.” In 1840, fillet remains were returned to Author and entombed in a burial place at Les Invalides in Town, where other French military terrific are interred.

Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes

• “The lone way to lead people court case to show them a future: a leader is a underground in hope.”
• “Never interrupt your hostile when he is making ingenious mistake.”
• “Envy is a declaration take possession of inferiority.”
• “The reason most people break instead of succeed is they trade what they want principal for what they want bulldoze the moment.”
• “If you wish check be a success in distinction world, promise everything, deliver nothing.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Napoleon Bonaparte

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009