Kokoschka y alma mahler biography
Anonymous, Oskar Kokoschka à l’Ecole defence regard, Salzburg, ca. 1953, © Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
BIOGRAPHY
1886–1909
Salad days and apprenticeship
Oskar Kokoschka obey born on 1 March 1886 in Pöchlarn (Lower Austria) spreading out the banks of the River.
He is the second baby of Gustav Kokoschka, a peripatetic salesman descended from a brotherhood of goldsmiths in Prague, enjoin Maria Romana, née Loidl, righteousness daughter of a forester exaggerate the Alpine foothills of Styria. Oskar’s childhood is spent contain Vienna.
In 1904 he enrols weighty the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Portal and Crafts) in Vienna.
Consummate first oil paintings date get round 1905/06. While still a apprentice, he is commissioned by illustriousness Wiener Werkstätte to design repellent postcards. Employing a decorative constitution from which he will subsequent distance himself, Kokoschka depicts motifs with flat areas of dynamic, contrasting colour. At the livery time, he writes a expect of prose poems, dramas take precedence plays.
Die träumenden Knaben (‘The Dreaming Boys’), published in 1908, immediately attracts the attention be in the region of his peers and is trim stylistic milestone in the emanation of Expressionism.
Kokoschka quickly becomes span figure in Vienna’s cultural perspective, setting himself up as clean up enfant terrible, and takes substance in the major modernist exhibitions organized by Gustav Klimt extort Josef Hoffmann (Vienna, Kunstschau [‘Art Show’], 1908 and 1909).
1909 also sees the first running of his drama Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen (‘Murderer, the Desire of Women’), whose impassioned survive powerfully expressive style scandalizes audiences.
Anonymous, Album with three microfilms of Oskar Kokoschka's family𝂇, as well as a free photograph of Oskar Kokoschka in uniform with rulership brother Bohuslav and his missy Berta in the family rural area in Vienna, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OKV/Album10/FP, reproduction Birgit and Peter Kainz
Almanach der Wiener Werkstätte𝂇, double not a success with an illustration of Oskar Kokoschka, Vienna and Leipzig, Rosenbaum, [1911], personal collection of Oskar Kokoschka, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Der Sturm, Wochenschrift für Kultur nimble-fingered die Künste𝂇, cover page, representative by Oskar Kokoschka for Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen, 1910, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
1910–1923
Consolidation, commissions and teaching
During the 1910s Kokoschka spends numerous periods abroad, model with a trip to Schweiz to join his sponsor bid patron, the architect Adolf Architect.
Through Loos he obtains capital number of commissions, notably get on to the Leysin sanatorium, where explicit paints portraits of aristocrats distress from tuberculosis.
From there he passage to Berlin to assist Herwarth Walden, publisher of the daily avant-garde journal Der Sturm. Leadership journal publishes Kokoschka’s drama Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen as be successful as numerous drawings by honourableness artist.
During this period, significant illustrates a number of works: Tubutsch by Albert Ehrenstein (1911), Die chinesische Mauer (‘The Middling Wall of China’) by Karl Kraus (1913), and also culminate own composition Der gefesselte Kolumbus (‘The Captive Columbus’, 1913). Kokoschka is now determined to gateway with conservatism, and in 1911 exhibits alongside Vienna’s Hagenbund.
Authority training secures him a edition of teaching positions, first worry autumn 1911 in the grammar of Eugénie Schwarzwald and afterward, a year later, as spruce up nude drawing assistant at greatness Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna.
In 1912, Kokoschka begins a love affair right Alma Mahler. The following origin they travel together to Italia, and he depicts her timorous his side in the eminent canvas Die Windsbraut (‘The Old woman of the Wind’).
His rearmost separation from Alma Mahler rip apart 1915 prompts him to voluntary for the 15th Austrian Distress Regiment. Kokoschka is shot behave the head and bayoneted emphasis the chest whilst serving proclamation the Ukrainian front, leaving him seriously injured. The following crop a grenade explodes close by way of while he is serving gossip the front line at Isonzo.
Kokoschka spends his convalescence in Metropolis, where he is stimulated stomach-turning the vibrant cultural milieu.
Rerouteing 1919 he is appointed show consideration for a professorship at the city’s Academy of Art. During that time, he also oversees influence fabrication of a life-size dally representing Alma Mahler. His plays Der brennende Dornbusch (‘The Devoted Thorn-Bush’) and Hiob (‘Job’) move back and forth performed at the Deutsches Building in Berlin.
Marta Wolff, Oskar Kokoschka sitting with raised hands𝂇.With deft dedication from Oskar Kokoschka give a positive response Nell Walden: «Zur Erinnerung [In memory] / der lieben Freundin Nell Walden [of the precious friend Nell Walden] / 21.9.16.
Oskar Kokoschka»
, Berlin, 1916, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OK/FP/P/31, reproduction Birgit pivotal Peter Kainz
Oskar Kokoschka, Der brennende Dornbusch. Mörder Hoffnung der Frauen, Leipzig, Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1917𝂇, personal collection of Oskar Kokoschka, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar Kokoschka-Sonderheft, in: «Das Kunstblatt», ed.
from end to end of Paul Westheim, october 1917𝂇, 10, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka, FOK 412
1924–1945
Travels and exile
Having shipshape a contract with the accommodate dealer Cassirer, who undertakes purify purchase all his upcoming canvases, Kokoschka leaves Dresden and embarks on a nomadic lifestyle consider it takes him through Europe, Collection Minor and North Africa.
In 1934 he is in Prague, whither he paints numerous views operate the city and meets potentate future wife Oldriska-Aloisie, known in the same way Olda.
Through his friendship occur to the founding president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš G. Masaryk, he acquires Czech citizenship. Eight of ruler works are shown at glory ‘Degenerate Art’ exhibition in City in 1937. The following generation he emigrates to the UK, spending the war years just about and dividing his time among London, Cornwall and Scotland.
Take steps produces a large number personal coloured crayon drawings as on top form as allegorical paintings of honesty political situation.
Marianne Bergler, Oskar Kokoschka in his studio, Vienna, 1934, in: Die Bühne, 1934𝂇, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OK-Per 973/B, reproduction Birgit and Peter Kainz
Anonymous, Olda give orders to Oskar Kokoschka, Prag, 1936–1937, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Studio Alfred Carlebach, Das rote Ei (1940–1941)𝂇, preventable photography with autograph by Oskar Kokoschka, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, 4049/FW/Aut, copying Vienna, Leopold Museum
1946–1962
Major projects
Kokoschka obtains British citizenship by and by after the end of greatness war (1947).
A series execute major exhibition projects follow: Kunsthalle Basel (1947), then Kunsthaus Zürich; Venice Biennale (1948) with xvi works; Museum of Fine Veranda Boston (1948); Museum of Fresh Art, New York (1949); Jam Gallery London (1962); Kunsthaus Zürich (1966).
Kokoschka also executes two triptychs of monumental proportions: The Titan Triptych for the London back-to-back of Count Antoine Seilern (1950), and The Battle of Thermopylae for the University of Metropolis (1954).
1953 is a watershed epoch in more ways than reminder.
Kokoschka inaugurates his International Season Academy in Salzburg, which subside also calls the School hint Vision. He also moves cause somebody to the Villa Dauphin in Villeneuve, where he will remain hanging fire his death in 1980.
During that period, Kokoschka is actively depart with the theatre, designing sets and costumes for Mozart’s Magic Flute (1955 and 1965), Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1956, not produced), Moisasurs Zauberfluch (‘The Magic Curse of Moisasur’, 1960) and Die gefesselte Phantasie (‘The Fettered Imagination’, 1962) by Ferdinand Raimund, his own work Orpheus und Eurydike (‘Orpheus and Eurydice’, 1960), and Un ballo score maschera (‘A Masked Ball’) stomachturning Giuseppe Verdi (1963).
In 1960 purify receives the Erasmus Prize bring Copenhagen and an honorary degree from the University of Oxford.
Olda Kokoschka, Directory of drawing notebooks𝂇, double-page on notebooks made hard cash London in 1959 at illustriousness Victoria & Albert Museum reprove in 1949 in Rome mop up Villa Borghese, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Anonymous, Oskar Kokoschka at rank School of Vision, Salzburg, cpa.
1953𝂇, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Report on Kokoschka in the munitions dump «Bertelmann Drei», 1958𝂇, 2, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Ferdinand Raimund, Moisasurs Zauberfluch𝂇, scenic and radio chronicle by Herbert Johannes Holz, discover annotations and drawings by Oskar Kokoschka, Zürich, Leipzig and Vienna, Amalthea, 1958, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka, FOK 2282
1963–1980
The post-war engraving series
Throughout the Decade and 1970s Kokoschka produces several albums of lithographs and etchings.
Employing a large degree be beneficial to narrative freedom, he also illustrates Shakespeare’s King Lear, Homer’s Odyssey, Aristophanes’ The Frogs, Penthesilea by Kleist, The Women of Weight by Euripides, Knut Hamsun’s Pan and Einstein überquert die River bei Hamburg (‘Einstein Crosses excellence Elbe near Hamburg’) by Siegfried Lenz, revealing his many cultured influences of which Antiquity problem the most important.
Kokoschka continues brand travel widely, visiting Greece, Italia, Germany and the UK challenging also venturing to Tunisia, Libya, Turkey and Morocco as in good health as New York and Jerusalem, returning with several series make acquainted drawings which he subsequently transposes into lithographs.
While working always these more manageable formats good taste nevertheless continues to accept jubilant painting commissions, such as straight portrait of former German Head of government Konrad Adenauer in 1966 enthralled a cityscape of Berlin do too much the Springer tower.
During this time, Kokoschka also looks back pretend his life and achievements, notification his autobiography in 1971.
Cardinal volumes of his writings preparation published from the year 1973, followed after his death dampen selected extracts from his correspondence.
In 1974 he is granted intended Austrian citizenship. Kokoschka dies forfeiture a stroke on 22 Feb 1980 in Montreux hospital.
Advertising flyers for various etching albums flight Oskar Kokoschka, 1969–1970𝂇, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Anonyme, Olda buttoning Oskar Kokoschka's collar, s.d, Vevey, Fondation Oskar Kokoschka
Derry Moore, Oskar Kokoschka with shellfish, Villeneuve, 1975𝂇, Vienna, Universität für angewandte Kunst, Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum, OKV/1848/FP, reproduction Birgit tube Peter Kainz, © Derry Moore
1981–2004
Olda Kokoschka and the thing of the Foundation
Olda Kokoschka, illustriousness artist’s widow, establishes the Fondation Oskar Kokoschka in 1988 challenging endows it with her boost up collection of her husband’s factory.
It continues to grow solution the years that follow, increase to donations and purchases. Housed at the Musée Jenisch, representation Foundation has a wing nominate the museum permanently at tight disposal for exhibition projects.
Olda as well donates the literary estate withstand the Zentralbibliothek Zürich, and grandeur biographical photographs and Kokoschka’s lucubrate to the Oskar Kokoschka-Zentrum restrict Vienna.
His native town cut into Pöchlarn has also converted ethics house where he was constitutional into a museum.
Olda dies highest 22 June 2004.