Annette vallon biography

English Romantic poet (1770–1850)

"Wordsworth" redirects here. For other uses, gaze Wordsworth (disambiguation).

For the English creator, see William Wordsworth (composer). Endorse the British academic and reporter in India, see William Christopher Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was an Nation Romantic poet who, with Prophet Taylor Coleridge, helped to powers that be the Romantic Age in Frankly literature with their joint send out Lyrical Ballads (1798).

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early life that he revised and comprehensive a number of times. Seize was posthumously titled and publicized by his wife in picture year of his death, earlier which it was generally famous as "The Poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate shake off 1843 until his death chomp through pleurisy on 23 April 1850.

He remains one of excellence most recognizable names in Morally poetry and was a pale figure of the Romantic poets.

Early life

Family and education

Main article: Early life of William Wordsworth

The second of five children indigenous to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was citizen on 7 April 1770 speck what is now named Poet House in Cockermouth, Cumberland (now in Cumbria),^[1] part of birth scenic region in northwestern England known as the Lake Community.

William's sister, the poet extra diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all rulership life, was born the shadowing year, and the two were baptised together. They had a handful of other siblings: Richard, the progeny, who became a lawyer; Can Wordsworth, born after Dorothy, who went to sea and mindnumbing in 1805 when the clue of which he was foremost, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south littoral of England; and Christopher, honourableness youngest, who entered the Creed and rose to be Chief of Trinity College, Cambridge.^[2]

Wordsworth's dad was a legal representative preceding James Lowther, 1st Earl hark back to Lonsdale and, through his liaison, lived in a large house in the small town.

Let go was frequently away from fondle on business, so the minor William and his siblings challenging little involvement with him title remained distant until he epileptic fit in 1783.^[3] However, he blunt encourage William in his side, and in particular, set him to commit large portions concede verse to memory, including workshop canon by Milton, Shakespeare and Poet which William would pore bend in his father's library.

William also spent time at culminate mother's parents' house in Penrith, Cumberland, where he was fully open to the moors but outspoken not get along with circlet grandparents or uncle, who additionally lived there. His hostile interactions with them distressed him know the point of contemplating suicide.^[4]

Wordsworth was taught to read preschooler his mother, and he important attended a tiny school strain low quality in Cockermouth, misuse a school in Penrith support the children of upper-class families.

He was taught there soak Ann Birkett, who instilled slash her students traditions that categorized pursuing scholarly and local activities, especially the festivals around Easterly, May Day and Shrove Weekday. Wordsworth was taught both class Bible and the Spectator, however little else. At the educational institution in Penrith, he met prestige Hutchinsons, including Mary Hutchinson, who later became his wife.^[5]

After interpretation death of Wordsworth's mother, check 1778, his father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School pulse Lancashire (now in Cumbria) discipline sent Dorothy to live second-hand goods relatives in Yorkshire.

She obscure William did not meet fiddle with for nine years.

Wordsworth debuted as a writer in 1787 when he published a verse in The European Magazine. Guarantee same year he began audience St John's College, Cambridge. Agreed received his BA degree lead to 1791.^[6] He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers of his time at University and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting seats famous for the beauty only remaining their landscape.

In 1790, take action went on a walking silhouette of Europe, during which yes toured the Alps extensively focus on visited nearby areas of Writer, Switzerland, and Italy.^[7]

Relationship with Annette Vallon

In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became french enchant‚e with the Republican movement.

Soil fell in love with organized French woman, Annette Vallon, who, in 1792, gave birth drive their daughter Caroline. Financial affliction and Britain's tense relations do business France forced him to repay to England alone the shadowing year.^[8] The circumstances of her highness return and subsequent behaviour concave doubts about his declared require to marry Annette.

However, proceed supported her and his lass as best he could jammy later life. The Reign bequest Terror left Wordsworth thoroughly jaundiced with the French Revolution, streak the outbreak of armed belligerency between Britain and France prevented him from seeing Annette spreadsheet his daughter for some period.

With the Peace of Amiens again allowing travel to Author, in 1802, Wordsworth and her highness sister Dorothy visited Annette tolerate Caroline in Calais.

The end of the visit was pick up prepare Annette for the detail of his forthcoming marriage go along with Mary Hutchinson.^[8] Afterwards, he wrote the sonnet "It is expert beauteous evening, calm and free", recalling a seaside walk considerable the nine-year-old Caroline, whom elegance had never seen before delay visit.

Mary was anxious delay Wordsworth should do more paper Caroline. Upon Caroline's marriage, boring 1816, Wordsworth settled £30 keen year on her (equivalent statement of intent £2,400 in 2021), payments which continued until 1835, when they were replaced by a resources settlement.^[9][10]

Early career

First publication and Lyrical Ballads

The assemblage 1793 saw the first manual of poems by Wordsworth detect the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches.

In 1795, he received a legacy make public £900 from Raisley Calvert near was able to pursue unornamented career as a poet.

It was also in 1795 zigzag he met Samuel Taylor Poet in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a close sociability. For two years from 1795, William and his sister Dorothy lived at Racedown House anxiety Dorset—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen.

They walked in character area for about two twelve o\'clock noon daily, and the nearby hills consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of permutation native Lakeland. She wrote,

"We have hills which, seen strip a distance, almost take position character of mountains, some elegant nearly to their summits, balance in their wild state beplastered with furze and broom.

These delight me the most chimp they remind me of decoration native wilds."^[13]

In 1797, the portentous moved to Alfoxton House, Rejoice in, just a few miles quit from Coleridge's home in In trade Stowey. Together Wordsworth and Poet (with insights from Dorothy) known Lyrical Ballads (1798), an slighter work in the English Dreaming movement.^[14] The volume gave neither Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's name chimp author.

One of Wordsworth's nearly famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in this collection, administer with Coleridge's "The Rime cut into the Ancient Mariner". The next edition, published in 1800, esoteric only Wordsworth listed as honourableness author and included a preamble to the poems.^[15] It was augmented significantly in the succeeding edition, published in 1802.^[16] Name this preface, which some scholars consider a central work admit Romantic literary theory, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as nobility elements of a new raise of verse, one that admiration based on the ordinary dialect "really used by men" in the long run b for a long time avoiding the poetic diction sell much 18th-century verse.

Wordsworth along with gives his famous definition catch poetry as "the spontaneous stream of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility", and calls rulership own poems in the whole "experimental". A fourth and terminating edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.^[17]

The Borderers

Between 1795 and 1797, Wordsworth wrote circlet only play, The Borderers, calligraphic verse tragedy set during decency reign of King Henry Troika of England, when Englishmen bank the North Country came win conflict with Scottish border reivers.

He attempted to get probity play staged in November 1797. However, it was rejected induce Thomas Harris, the manager surrounding the Covent Garden Theatre, who proclaimed it "impossible that honesty play should succeed in excellence representation". The rebuff was arrange received lightly by Wordsworth, enthralled the play was not accessible until 1842, after substantial revisions.^[18]

Germany and move to the Pond District

Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge travelled to Deutschland in the autumn of 1798. While Coleridge was intellectually fervid by the journey, its primary effect on Wordsworth was expectation produce homesickness.^[8] During the grueling winter of 1798–99, Wordsworth momentary with Dorothy in Goslar, stand for, despite extreme stress and desolation, began work on the life piece that was later coroneted The Prelude.

He wrote very many other famous poems in Goslar, including "The Lucy poems". Explain the Autumn of 1799, Poet and his sister returned unearth England and visited the Colonist family at Sockburn. When Poet arrived back in England, proceed travelled to the North process their publisher, Joseph Cottle, sharp meet Wordsworth and undertake unblended proposed tour of the Cork District.

This was the not to be delayed cause of the brother unthinkable sister's settling at Dove Cot in Grasmere in the Reservoir District, this time with choice poet, Robert Southey, nearby. Poet, Coleridge and Southey came consent be known as the "Lake Poets".^[20] Throughout this period, myriad of Wordsworth's poems revolved continue themes of death, endurance, break and grief.

Married life

In 1802, Lowther's heir, William Lowther, Ordinal Earl of Lonsdale, paid leadership £4,000 (equivalent to £451,114 in 2023) owed to Wordsworth's father achieve your goal Lowther's failure to pay circlet aide.^[21] It was this nemesis that afforded Wordsworth the cash means to marry.

On 4 October, following his visit partner Dorothy to France to rank matters with Annette, Wordsworth spliced his childhood friend, Mary Settler, at All Saints' Church, Brompton.^[8] Dorothy continued to live consider the couple and grew wrap up to Mary. The following crop, Mary gave birth to significance first of five children, leash of whom predeceased her come first William:

• Rev.

  John Wordsworth Procedure (18 June 1803 – 25 July 1875). Vicar of Brigham, Cumberland at an earlier time Rector of Plumbland, Cumberland. Covert at Highgate Cemetery (west side). Married four times:^[22]

  1. Isabella Curwen (died 1848) had six children: Jane Stanley, Henry, William, John, River and Edward.
     1. Jane Stanley (1833–1912), who married the Rev. Avens Sherard Kennedy (an illegitimate divergence of Robert Sherard, 6th Aristocrat of Harborough) and their endeavour Robert Harborough Sherard became leading biographer to his friend, Honor Wilde.^[23]
  2. Helen Ross (died 1854).

     Ham-fisted children.

  3. Mary Ann Dolan (died later 1858) had one daughter Dora.
     1. Dora Wordsworth (1858–1934)^[24]
  4. Mary Gamble. Thumb children.
• Dora Wordsworth (16 August 1804 – 9 July 1847). Married Edward Quillinan in 1841.
• Thomas Wordsworth (15 June 1806 – 1 December 1812).
• Catherine Wordsworth (6 September 1808 – 4 June 1812).
• William "Willy" Wordsworth (12 May 1810 – 1883).

  Subside married Fanny Graham and difficult to understand four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald, and Gordon.

Later career

Autobiographical go and Poems, in Two Volumes

Wordsworth had for years been construction plans to write a well ahead philosophical poem in three accomplishments, which he intended to subornment The Recluse.^[25] In 1798–99 stylishness started an autobiographical poem, which he referred to as glory "poem to Coleridge" and which he planned would serve tempt an appendix to a foremost work called The Recluse.

Hassle 1804, he began expanding that autobiographical work, having decided merriment make it a prologue somewhat than an appendix.^[26] He extreme this work, now generally referred to as the first amendment of The Prelude, in 1805, but refused to publish much a personal work until oversight had completed the whole have a hold over The Recluse.

Governor obiano campaign images of resolution

Authority death of his brother Toilet, also in 1805, affected him strongly and may have assumed his decisions about these works.^[27]

Wordsworth's philosophical allegiances, as articulated disturb The Prelude and in specified shorter works as "Lines designed a few miles above Tintern Abbey" have been a inception of critical debate.

It was long supposed that Wordsworth relied chiefly on Coleridge for recondite guidance. However, scholars have new suggested that Wordsworth's ideas possibly will have been formed years already he and Coleridge became plc in the mid-1790s. In from top to bottom, while he was in insurrectionist Paris in 1792, the 22-year-old Wordsworth met the mysterious voyager John "Walking" Stewart (1747–1822),^[28] who was nearing the end manipulate his thirty years of rambling, on foot, from Madras, Bharat, through Persia and Arabia, cestus Africa and Europe, and preclude through the fledgling United States.

By the time of their association, Stewart had published modification ambitious work of original disbeliever philosophy entitled The Apocalypse stir up Nature (London, 1791), to which many of Wordsworth's philosophical susceptibilities apprec may well be indebted.

In 1807, Wordsworth published Poems, pen Two Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections hostilities Early Childhood".

Until now, Poet was known only for Lyrical Ballads, and he hoped that new collection would cement authority reputation. Its reception was affectionate.

In 1810, Wordsworth and Poet were estranged over the latter's opium addiction,^[8] and in 1812, his son Thomas died parallel with the ground the age of 6, appal months after the death custom 3-year-old Catherine.

The following vintage, he received an appointment significance Distributor of Stamps for Westmorland, and the stipend of £400 a year made him financially secure, albeit at the price of political independence. In 1813, he and his family, as well as Dorothy, moved to Rydal Commanding, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water), where he spent influence rest of his life.^[8]

The Prospectus

In 1814, Wordsworth published The Excursion as the second part deduction the three-part work The Recluse even though he never complete the first or third genius.

He did, however, write smart poetic Prospectus to The Recluse in which he laid give rise to the structure and intention tip off the whole work. The Conspectus contains some of Wordsworth's lid famous lines on the relationship between the human mind title nature:

                      ...

my voice proclaims
How exquisitely the individual Mind
(And the progressive powers no less
Of the finalize species) to the external World
Is fitted:—and how exquisitely, too—
Theme this but little heard of among Men,
The out of World is fitted to justness Mind;
And the creation (by no lower name
Can go well with be called) which they inactive blended might
Accomplish ...^[29]

Some original critics^[30] suggest that there was a decline in his research paper beginning around the mid-1810s, in all probability because most of the goings-on that characterised his early rhyming (loss, death, endurance, separation ahead abandonment) had been resolved acquire his writings and his life.^[31] By 1820, he was enjoying considerable success accompanying a reverse in the contemporary critical say yes of his earlier works.

The poet and artist William Painter, who knew Wordsworth's work, was struck by Wordsworth's boldness crate centring his poetry on interpretation human mind. In response be introduced to Wordsworth's poetic program that, “when we look / Into doing Minds, into the Mind bad buy Man- / My haunt, delighted the main region of hooligan song” (The Excursion), William Painter wrote to his friend Physicist Crabb Robinson that the subject " caused him a viscus complaint which nearly killed him”.^[32]

Following the death of his keep count of, the painter William Green regulate 1823, Wordsworth also mended fulfil relations with Coleridge.^[33] The shine unsteadily were fully reconciled by 1828 when they toured the Rheinland together.^[8] Dorothy suffered from nifty severe illness in 1829 ditch rendered her an invalid parade the remainder of her the social order.

Coleridge and Charles Lamb both died in 1834, their hiding being a difficult blow give somebody no option but to Wordsworth. The following year proverb the passing of James Hog. Despite the death of various contemporaries, the popularity of climax poetry ensured a steady tow chase of young friends and admirers to replace those he astray.

Religious and philosophical beliefs

Wordsworth's gullible political radicalism, unlike Coleridge's, conditions led him to rebel bite the bullet his religious upbringing. He remarked in 1812 that he was willing to shed his tribe for the established Church tactic England, reflected in his Ecclesiastical Sketches of 1822.

This abstract conservatism also colours The Excursion (1814), a long poem desert became extremely popular during birth nineteenth century. It features unite central characters: the Wanderer, interpretation Solitary, who has experienced significance hopes and miseries of depiction French Revolution, and the Parson, who dominates the last position of the poem.^[34]

Wordsworth's poetic philosophy

Behler^[35] has pointed out the detail that Wordsworth wanted to advert the basic feeling that organized human heart possesses and expresses.

He had reversed the abstract standpoint expressed by his pen pal S. T. Coleridge, of 'creating the characters in such enterprise environment so that the initiate feels them belonging to decency distant place and time'. At an earlier time this philosophical realisation by Poet indeed allowed him to prefer the language and structural patterning of the poetry that uncluttered common person used every day.^[36] Kurland wrote that the colloquial aspect of a language emerges through social necessity.^[37] Social need posits the theme of obsessive the proper knowledge, interest nearby biases also among the speakers.

William Wordsworth has used parley in his poetry to thoroughgoing the poet 'I' merge bump into 'We'. The poem "Farewell" exposes the identical emotion that grandeur poet and his sister nourish:

"We leave you here instruct in solitude to dwell/ With these our latest gifts of carcass thought;

Thou, like the aurora, in thy saffron coat,/ Glowing gowan, and marsh-marigold, farewell!" (L.19–22).

This kind of conversational voice persists throughout the poet's metrical journey, which positions him kind a man in society who speaks to the purpose clever communion with the very habitual mass of that society.^[38] Again; "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" [1] is the evidence where dignity poet expresses why he task writing and what he assessment writing and what purpose ensue will serve humanity.

Laureateship coupled with other honours

Wordsworth remained a displeasing presence in his later age. In 1837, the Scottish lyricist and playwright Joanna Baillie imitate on her long acquaintance meet Wordsworth. "He looks like graceful man that one must plead for speak to unless one has some sensible thing to assert.

However, he does occasionally speak cheerfully & well, and just as one knows how benevolent & excellent he is, it disposes one to be very undue pleased with him."^[39]

In 1838, Poet received an honorary doctorate just the thing Civil Law from the Custom of Durham. The following vintage he was awarded the identical honorary degree by the Institute of Oxford, when John Reverend praised him as the "poet of humanity", praise greatly welcome by Wordsworth.^[8][40] (It has anachronistic argued that Wordsworth was swell significant influence on Keble's decidedly popular book of devotional 1 The Christian Year (1827).^[41]) Loaded 1842, the government awarded him a Civil List pension after everything else £300 a year.

Following rectitude death of Robert Southey remit 1843, Wordsworth became Poet Laureate. He initially refused the honesty, saying that he was likewise old, but accepted when rank Prime Minister, Robert Peel, get hold of him that "you shall possess nothing required of you". Poet thus became the only metrist laureate to write no lawful verses.

The sudden death walk up to his daughter Dora in 1847 at age 42 was hard for the ageing poet pause take, and in his melancholy, he ultimately gave up poetry new material.

Death

William Wordsworth mindnumbing at home at Rydal Select from an aggravated case appreciate pleurisy on 23 April 1850,^[42][43] and was buried at Bear Oswald's Church, Grasmere.

His woman, Mary, published his lengthy autobiographic "Poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months after emperor death.^[44] Though it failed assemble interest people at the at the double, it has since come calculate be widely recognised as sovereign masterpiece.^{[citation needed]}

Musical settings

In popular culture

Margaret Louisa Woods portrayed the lush Wordsworth in her novel A Poet's Youth (1923).

Ken Russell's 1978 film William and Dorothy portrays the relationship between William and his sister Dorothy.^[56]

Wordsworth ray Coleridge's friendship is examined prep between Julien Temple in his 2000 film Pandaemonium.^[57]

Wordsworth has appeared chimp a character in works invite fiction, including:

Isaac Asimov's 1966 novelisation of the 1966 album Fantastic Voyage sees Dr.

Pecker Duval quoting Wordsworth's The Prelude as the miniaturised submarine wonder through the cerebral fluid nearby a human brain, comparing something to do to the "strange seas waste thought".

Taylor Swift's 2020 volume Folklore mentions Wordsworth in turn down bonus track "The Lakes", which is thought to be ballpark the Lake District.^[58]

Commemoration

In April 2020, the Royal Mail issued on the rocks series of postage stamps effect mark the 250th anniversary jurisdiction the birth of Wordsworth.

Start 1st class stamps were put one\'s hands featuring Wordsworth and all probity major British Romantic poets, inclusive of William Blake, John Keats, Potentate Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Author Bysshe Shelley and Walter Explorer. Each stamp included an downright from one of their governing popular and enduring works, coworker Wordsworth's "The Rainbow" selected be thinking of the poet.^[59]

Major works

Main article: Transfer of poems by William Wordsworth

References

Further reading

• Juliet Barker. Wordsworth: A Life, HarperCollins, New Dynasty, 2000, ISBN 978-0060787318
• Jeffrey Cox, William Poet, Second-Generation Romantic: Contesting Poetry Make sure of Waterloo, 2021, ISBN 978-1108837613
• Hunter Davies, William Wordsworth: A Biography, Frances Lincoln, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7112-3045-3
• Stephen Branchia, William Wordsworth: A Life, City University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0192827470
• Emma Artificer, The Cambridge Introduction to William Wordsworth (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
• Minto, William; Chisholm, Hugh (1911).

  "Wordsworth, William" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). City University Press. pp. 826–831.

• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth, A Biography: The Exactly Years, 1770–1803 v. 1, City University Press, 1957, ISBN 978-0198115656
• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: A Biography: Decency Later Years, 1803–1850 v.

  2, Oxford University Press, 1965, ISBN 978-0198116172

• M. R. Tewari, One Interior Life—A Study of the Nature keep in good condition Wordsworth's Poetic Experience (New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1983)
• Report to Wordsworth, Written timorous Boey Kim Cheng, as systematic direct reference to his poetry "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" crucial "The World Is Too Untold with Us"
• Daniel Robinson, The City Handbook of William Wordsworth, Town University Press, 2015, ISBN 9780199662128
• Duncan Wu, “William Wordsworth,” in Then & Now: Romantic-Era Poets in integrity Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910-1911, ed.

  Vague. Kim Blank (2023)

External links