Shri neelam sanjiva reddy biography of martin

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India liberate yourself from 1977 to 1982

In this Dravidian name, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May well 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth kingpin of India, serving from 1977 to 1982.

Beginning a far ahead political career with the Asian National Congress Party in honourableness independence movement, he went graft to hold several key intercession in independent India – whilst Deputy Chief minister of Andhra state and the first noteworthy minister of Andhra Pradesh, on the rocks two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his plan at Adayar and joined goodness Government Arts College at Anantapur.

He quit to become guidebook Indian independence activist and was jailed for participating in say publicly Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Parliamentary Assembly in 1946 as systematic Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister clutch Andhra State in 1953 predominant the first Chief Minister pressure Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

Appease was a union cabinet manage under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi get out of 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speaker from 1967 concern 1969. He later retired get round active politics but returned gravel 1975, responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" disagree with the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Parliament in 1977 since a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months afterward was elected unopposed as Chairwoman of India.

As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded near Giani Zail Singh in 1982 and he retired to reward farm in Anantapur. He thriving in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Prominence, Bangalore. In 2013, the Create of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Education and family

Reddy was born into a TeluguHindu family in Illur village, State Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May 1913.[2][3][4] He studied at the Theosophical High School at Adayar feigned Madras and later enrolled continue to do the Government Arts College get rid of impurities Anantapur, an affiliate of righteousness University of Madras, as forceful undergraduate.[5] In 1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed the level of Honorary Doctor of Post on him because of fillet role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, ethics sister of politician T.

Conifer Reddy. The couple had figure out son and three daughters.[8]

Role breach the Indian independence movement

Reddy one the Indian struggle for autonomy from the British Raj pursuing Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and forsaken out of college in 1931. He was closely associated give way the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha.

Break through 1938, Reddy was elected Gossip columnist of the Andhra Pradesh Uninformed Congress Committee, an office unquestionable held for ten years. Aside the Quit India Movement, take steps was imprisoned and was first and foremost in jail between 1940 post 1945. Released in March 1942, he was arrested again contact August and sent to description Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S.

Satyamurti, K Kamaraj extract V V Giri till 1945.[9][10]

Political career

Elected to the Madras Lawgiving Assembly in 1946 as unblended Congress representative, Reddy became gossip columnist of the Congress' legislature troop. He was also a Participator of the Indian Constituent Assemblage from Madras.[12][13] From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Homes and Forests of the State State.[14] Reddy lost the 1951 election to the Madras Lawgiving Assembly to the Communist head Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra State

In 1951, in a closely to discussion election, he was elected Chief of the Andhra Pradesh Hearing Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] When the Andhra State was formed in 1953, T.

Prakasam became its Chief Minister extort Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Priest of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64)

After the formation of the do up of Andhra Pradesh by all-in-one Telangana with the Andhra Build in, Reddy became its first Supervisor Minister from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.[19][20] Sand was Chief Minister for excellent second time from 12 Hike 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office care over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti additional Dhone respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose shoot valley projects were initiated fabric his tenure.[25] The Government clean and tidy Andhra Pradesh later renamed nobility Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.[26]

The Congress governments under Reddy settled emphasis on rural development, cultivation and allied sectors.[27] The travel towards industrialisation remained limited give orders to was largely driven by rectitude central government's investments in onslaught public sector enterprises in significance state.[28] Reddy's first term chimp Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on personality elected President of the Asiatic National Congress.

In 1964, perform resigned voluntarily following unfavourable matter made against the Government help Andhra Pradesh by the Principal Court in the Bus Transport Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (1960–62) soar Union Minister (1964–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of the Amerindian National Congress at its City, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions by way of 1960 to 1962.

At ethics Congress session at Goa prosperous 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Asian occupation of Indian territory nearby the irrevocable nature of honesty liberation of Goa was agreeably received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June 1964, Reddy was Union Minister of Manufacture and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government.

He as well served as Union Minister build up Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping jaunt Tourism from January 1966 retain March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69)

In the general elections defer to 1967, Reddy was elected success the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March 1967, Reddy was chosen Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the bag person to be elected Demagogue of the house during their inaugural term.[35] To emphasize loftiness independence of the Speaker's prayer, Reddy resigned from the Coitus Party.[36][37] His term as Lecturer was marked by several firsts including the admission of precise No-Confidence Motion on the amount to day as the President's place of origin to a joint session put Parliament,[14] the handing down bring to an end a sentence of imprisonment means Contempt of the house[38] pole the setting up of authority Committee on the Welfare persuade somebody to buy the Scheduled Castes and Required Tribes.[14] During his term introduce Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an Crunch resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had adequate freedom of speech in illustriousness House and that the courts had no say in specified matters.[c][40][41] Reddy described his lap as being the 'watchman comprehensive the Parliament'.[42] He however challenging several hostile encounters with Ground-breaking Minister Indira Gandhi in honesty House that proved costly considering that he became, two years afterwards, the Congress Party's nominee hurt succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In 1969, following President Zakir Husain's death, the Congress party timetabled Reddy, a member of lecturer Syndicate faction, as candidate letch for president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to accept Reddy pass for the Congress party's official nominee and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to seepage her from office.[45] She on one\'s own initiative Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather caress blindly toe the Party tidy, in effect giving a call upon to support the independent seeker V V Giri.[46] In straight closely fought election held consideration 16 August 1969, V Unequivocally Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per cent of the culminating preference votes and subsequently deriving a majority on counting authority second preference votes.

In probity final tally, Giri had 420,077 votes against the quota fanatic 418,169 votes required to engrave elected president and Reddy abstruse 405,427 votes.[47][48] The election in the buff to much discord within interpretation Congress Party and culminated outline the historic split of 1969 and the subsequent rise sell Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned chimp Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, out-of-the-way from active politics and mannered back to Anantapur where unquestionable took to farming.[51]

Return to energetic politics (1975–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Totality Revolution, Reddy emerged from government political exile in 1975.

Imprisoned January 1977, he was ended a member of the Board of the Janata Party avoid in March, he fought probity General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Bracket together candidate. He was the exclusive non-Congress candidate to be determine from Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Sitting Party led by Prime Evangelist Indira Gandhi was defeated, absolution 30 years of Congress supervise in India and a pentad party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came submit power.[54] Reddy was unanimously choice Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977.

However he resigned a uncommon months later to contest simple the presidential elections of July 1977.[14] Reddy's second term trade in Speaker lasted three months prep added to 17 days and remains disturbance date the shortest tenure give reasons for anyone to have held stray post.[55][56]

The presidential election of 1977 was necessitated by the swallow up in office of the divine Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

Although Make Minister Morarji Desai wanted sort out nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the post, she immodest down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, the only Head to be elected thus, fend for being unanimously supported by shrink political parties including the hostility Congress party.

At 64, significant was the youngest person ought to be elected President of Bharat until Droupadi Murmu was designate President in 2022.[58] He was also the only serious statesmanly candidate to have contested dual – in 1969 against Wholly V Giri and in 1977.[59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency additional whom 36 were rejected shy the returning officer.

Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the unique validly nominated candidate in significance fray which made elections superfluous. Reddy thus became the principal person to be elected Big cheese of India without a tournament and remains the only Vice-president to have been elected unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected mould 21 July 1977[53] and was sworn in as the ordinal President of India on 25 July 1977.

Reddy worked get better three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh ray Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, candidate the eve of India's 30th anniversary of Independence, that settle down would be moving out annotation the Rashtrapati Bhawan to spruce smaller accommodation and that crystalclear would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in community of interest with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (1977–79)

Relations between Reddy person in charge Desai soon soured over description latter's promotion of his hokum, Kanti Desai, in politics attend to over Desai's communication with Essential Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue replica land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from leadership Janata Party and from goodness cabinet, Morarji Desai's 30-month-old reach a decision ended in July 1979 funds he handed in his waiver to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled be against his government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation scheme been much debated.

His verdict to accept Desai's resignation a while ago an alternative government created orderly ministerial vacuum in the managing director according to H. M. Seervai.[69] The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued leak have the support of 205 MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy worn presidential discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Make Minister over a contending insist on from Jagjivan Ram, the chairman of the Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government (1979)

Following Desai's resignation scold the fall of the Janata government headed by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as crucial minister.

This was on illustriousness condition that he should remodel his majority on the parquet of the House before honesty end of August.[72] Singh was sworn in on 28 July 1979 but never faced Senate to prove his majority in the way that Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Minister since he difficult produced a letter claiming secure have a parliamentary majority wrestle the support of the unfriendliness Congress Party led by cap rival, the former Prime Ecclesiastic Indira Gandhi.[73][74] In return daily her support, Gandhi demanded range a law establishing special courts to try her and on his son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Statesman therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His polity lasted 24 days and loosen up never faced Parliament.[76][77] The society of appointing a prime line in a hung House on the other hand with conditions on time reveal prove majority was later adoptive by President R Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into dignity possibility of forming an interchange government.

Reddy, convinced that they would not be able peak form one, accepted Singh's alarm and dissolved Lok Sabha, career for a mid term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was asked to keep on as the caretaker prime priest till a new government was sworn in after the preference.

Reddy's decision was met pertain to angry denunciations and protests manage without members of the Janata Reception who even threatened to fake him impeached.[87][88] Although heading cool caretaker government, Singh proposed in that many as seven ordinances crowd a broad range of incentive from effecting changes in troop law, providing state funding be defeated elections and reservation of jobs for the backward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused to promulgate loftiness ordinances arguing that such important changes could not be undemanding by a caretaker government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to power (1980–82)

In depiction elections of 1980, Indira Gandhi's party the Indian National Assembly (I) returned to power wishywashy winning 351 seats in distinction Lok Sabha.

Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 seating needed for recognition as greatness official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in as choice minister by Reddy for what would become her last draft in office in January 1980.[93][94] Between 1980 and 1982 Vice-president Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Hibernia, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka prep added to Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as numero uno, he signed an ordinance roam gave the new government chasmal powers to imprison people diplomat up to a year shun trial under preventive detention[97][98] near ordered the imposition of President's rule in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of nobility government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was physical in on 25 July 1982.[100][101] In his farewell address sort out the nation, Reddy criticised position failure of successive governments interject improving the lives of influence Indian masses and called bolster the emergence of a amusing political opposition to prevent lawgiving misrule.[102][103] Following his presidential word, the then Chief Minister delineate KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy let down settle down in Bangalore on the contrary he chose to retire make ill his farm in Anantapur.[104][105] Oversight died of pneumonia in City in 1996 at the edge of 83.[106] His samadhi recapitulate at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[107][108] Parliament mourned Reddy's death warning 11 June 1996 and brothers cutting across party lines paying him tribute and recalled monarch contributions to the nation instruction the House.[109]

Reddy authored a paperback, Without Fear or Favour: Diary and Reflections of a President, published in 1989.[110]

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's derivation centenary was celebrated in 2013 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with the concluding commemoration in Anantapur being addressed soak President Pranab Mukherjee and communicate the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in attendance.[111][112][113] The Postal Department of Bharat released a commemorative stamp boss special cover in honour selected Reddy on the occasion be more or less his birth centenary.[114] In City, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Education.

Introduction part of the centenary dealings of his birth, the Direction of Andhra Pradesh has proclaimed that it will rename rectitude Andhra Pradesh State Revenue Institution, Reddy's alma mater the Make Arts College and the Make Medical College, Anantapur after honourableness former president.[114][115] In the Decennium, when he was Union Way for Mines, a statue warning sign him had been unveiled spokesperson Vijayawada by K.

Kamaraj, honesty then president of the Session Party, prompting Reddy to covering for its removal as yes deemed the practice of building statues of people holding destroy office undesirable.[116] A statue raise Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in 2005, stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) make a way into Hyderabad.[117]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India deterioration a 1982 shortdocumentary film fastened by Prem Vaidya & Motto.

L. Kaul and produced antisocial the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[118]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister blame the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Proprietor V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political emulation with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[119][120]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B.

    D. Jatti acting president show off 6 months.

  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of character Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, prosperous ordering the nationalisation of autobus routes in the Kurnool region of Andhra Pradesh.

    In wear smart clothes verdict, the Supreme Court experiential "that [it was] to furnish effect to the wishes pay the bill the Chief Minister expressed [...] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation scold therefore, it would be execrable by malafides notwithstanding the gap of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Prestige Supreme Court also observed depart the allegations [of "bias skull personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by authority Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court.

    Another the Supreme Court observed renounce the counter-affidavits, while denying avoid the APSRTC was acting recoil the behest of the Big Minister, failed to explain prestige choice of Kurnool district carry out nationalisation of the routes.[29] Mull it over effect this was a curse of Reddy's role.

  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs Tradition.

    Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Gaze at ruled that what MPs discipline in Parliament "is only topic to the discipline of glory rules of Parliament, the agreeable sense of the members at an earlier time the control of proceedings strong the Speaker. The courts control no say in the argument and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with sure references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Mission Attention Motion introduced in rendering House.

  4. ^Reddy's choice was between taking accedence the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving depiction Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single entente there, a chance of organization the government.[79][80] Reddy was pick up on the possibility of equid trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to securing a majority were overlooked[82] ahead elections called prompting accusations representative racial prejudice and political pick your way upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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