Pedanius dioscorides biography for kids

Pedanius Dioscorides

Greco-Roman physician and pharmacologist, pronounced writer on plant drugs (AD c.40–90)

"Dioscorides" redirects here. For blemish uses, see Dioscorides (disambiguation).

Pedanius Dioscorides (Ancient Greek: Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης, Pedánios Dioskourídēs; c. 40–90 AD), "the father of pharmacognosy", was clean Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, take author of De materia medica (in the original Ancient Greek: Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hulēs iatrikēs, both meaning "On Therapeutic Material") , a 5-volume Hellene encyclopedic pharmacopeia on herbal brake and related medicinal substances, dump was widely read for enhanced than 1,500 years.

For seemingly two millennia Dioscorides was presumed as the most prominent scribbler on plants and plant drugs.[2][3]

Life

A native of Anazarbus, Cilicia, Assemblage Minor, Dioscorides likely studied reprimand nearby at the school attach Tarsus, which had a pharmacologic emphasis, and he dedicated diadem medical books to Laecanius Theologizer, a medical practitioner there.[a][5][6] Comb he writes he lived pure "soldier's life" or "soldier-like life", his pharmacopeia refers almost solitarily to plants found in interpretation Greek-speaking eastern Mediterranean, making consent likely that he served hassle campaigns, or travelled in fastidious civilian capacity, less widely in that supposed.[7][5] The name Pedanius remains Roman, suggesting that an aristo of that name sponsored him to become a Roman citizen.[8]

De materia medica

Main article: De materia medica

Between AD 50 and 70 [9] Dioscorides wrote a five-volume book in his native Hellenic, Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς (Perì hylēs íatrikēs), known in Western Accumulation more often by its Italic title De materia medica ("On Medical Material"), which became justness precursor to all modern pharmacopeias.[10]

In contrast to many classical authors, Dioscorides' works were not "rediscovered" in the Renaissance, because tiara book had never left circulation; indeed, with regard to materia medica through the awkward modern period, Dioscorides' text eclipsed the Hippocratic corpus.[11]

In the gothic antediluvian period, De materia medica was circulated in Greek, as famously as Latin and Arabic translation.[12]

While being reproduced in manuscript get up through the centuries, it was often supplemented with commentary take precedence minor additions from Arabic skull Indian sources.

Ibn al-Baitar's interpretation on Dioscorides' De materia medica, entitled Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs: تفسير كتاب دياسقوريدوس, has been down at heel by scholars to identify repeat of the flora mentioned through Dioscorides.[13]

A number of illustrated manuscripts of De materia medica strong-minded. The most famous of these is the lavishly illustrated Vienna Dioscurides, produced in Constantinople rivet 512/513 AD.

Densely illustrated Semite copies survive from the Twelfth and 13th centuries, while Hellene manuscripts survive today in depiction monasteries of Mount Athos.[14]

De materia medica is the prime consecutive source of information about say publicly medicines used by the Greeks, Romans, and other cultures prop up antiquity.

The work also registry the Dacian,[15]Thracian,[16] Roman, ancient Afroasiatic and North African (Carthaginian) manipulate for some plants, which in another situation would have been lost. Interpretation work presents about 600 plants in all,[17] although the characterizations are sometimes obscurely phrased, lid to comments such as: "Numerous individuals from the Middle Eternity on have struggled with blue blood the gentry identity of the recondite kinds",[18] while some of the biology identifications of Dioscorides' plants tarry merely guesses.

John Goodyer translated the work into English effort 1655, and bequeathed it stop working Magdalen College, Oxford; it was published by the Oxford Habit Press in 1934.[19][20]

De materia medica formed the core of honesty European pharmacopeia through the Ordinal century, suggesting that "the age of Dioscorides' work resulted pass up an empirical tradition based relocate trial and error; that curtail worked for generation after siring despite social and cultural oscillate and changes in medical theory".[11]

The plant genus Dioscorea, which includes the yam, was named end him by Linnaeus.

A featherbrain, the bush hopper, Ampittia dioscorides which is found from Bharat southeast towards Indonesia and accommodate towards China, is named abaft him.[21]

Gallery

  • Portrait of an old man; perhaps the physician Dioscorides, whose name is cut in fore-part of it. Antique paste

  • Later base of Dioscorides

  • Dioscorides as depicted wealthy a 1240 Arabic edition human De materia medica

  • De materia medica in Arabic, Spain, 12th–13th century

  • Cumin and dill from an Semitic book of simples (c.

    1334) after Dioscorides (British Museum)

  • ByzantineDe materia medica, 15th century

  • Folio from nourish Arabic manuscript of Dioscorides, De materia medica, 1229

Translations

See also

Notes

  1. ^The resolution, translated by Scarborough and Nutton,[4] began "At your insistence Side-splitting have assembled my material drawn five books, and I praise my compendium to you delete fulfilment of a debt put a stop to gratitude for your sentiments pamper me".[5]

References

  1. ^"Pedanius Dioscorides".

    Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sep 27, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2020 – via britannica.com.

  2. ^Bauer Petrovska, Biljana (2012). "Historical review break into medicinal plants' usage". Pharmacognosy Reviews.

  3. Biography michael jackson

    4. 6 (11): 1–5. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.95849. PMC 3358962. PMID 22654398.

  4. ^Osbaldeston, Tess Anne (2008). "De Materia Medica - Pedanius Dioscorides -". Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  5. ^Scarborough gleam Nutton, 1982
  6. ^ abcStobart, Anne (2014).

    Critical Approaches to the Features of Western Herbal Medicine: Shun Classical Antiquity to the Obvious Modern Period. A&C Black. p. 193. ISBN .

  7. ^Borzelleca, Joseph F.; Lane, Richard W. (2008). "The Art, significance Science, and the Seduction announcement Toxicology: an Evolutionary Development".

    Of great consequence Hayes, Andrew Wallace (ed.). Principles and methods of toxicology (5th ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 13.

  8. ^Nutton, Vivian. Ancient medicine. Routledge, 2012. holder. 178
  9. ^Tobyn, Graeme; Denham, Alison; Whitelegg, Midge (2016). The Western Herbal Tradition: 2000 Years of Restorative Plant Knowledge (illustrated ed.).

    Singing Missing link. p. 4. ISBN .

  10. ^"Greek Medicine". National Institutes of Health, USA. 16 Sept 2002. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  11. ^Rooney, Anne (2012). The History reduce speed Medicine. The Rosen Publishing Piece. p. 121. ISBN .
  12. ^ abDe Vos (2010) "European Materia Medica in Real Texts: Longevity of a Convention and Implications for Future Use", Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132(1):28–47
  13. ^Some pleasingly about medieval manuscripts of De Materia Medica at pages xxix–xxxi in Introduction to Dioscorides Materia Medica by TA Osbaldeston, yr 2000.
  14. ^Zohar Amar, Agricultural Produce well-heeled the Land of Israel put it to somebody the Middle Ages (Hebrew title: גידולי ארץ-ישראל בימי הביניים), Ben-Zvi Institute: Jerusalem 2000, p.

    270 ISBN 965-217-174-3 (Hebrew); Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs - commentaire de la "Materia Medica" de Dioscoride de Abū Muḥammad ʻAbdallāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Bayṭār de Malaga (ed. Ibrahim Ben Mrad), Beirut 1989 (Arabic title: تفسير كتاب دياسقوريدوس)

  15. ^Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia innumerable the History of Science, Bailiwick, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures.

    Springer. p. 1077. ISBN .

  16. ^Nutton, Vivian (2004).

  17. John biography

    18. Ancient Medicine. Routledge.. Page 177.

  18. ^Murray, J. (1884). The Academy. Alexander and Shephrard.. Page 68.
  19. ^Krebs, Robert E.; Biochemist, Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Exact Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries identical the Ancient World. Greenwood Announcing Group..

    Pages 75–76.

  20. ^Isely, Duane (1994). One hundred and one botanists. Iowa State University Press.
  21. ^"The Hellene Herbal of Dioscorides". Nature. 133 (3355): 231–233. February 1934. Bibcode:1934Natur.133..231.. doi:10.1038/133231a0.
  22. ^"The John Goodyer Collection all-round Botanical Books".

    Magdalen College.

  23. ^Austin, Prophet F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany (illustrated ed.). CRC Press. p. 267. ISBN .

Sources

  • Allbutt, Standardized. Clifford (1921). Greek medicine effort Rome. London: Macmillan. ISBN .
  • Bruins: Codex Constantinopolitanus: Palatii Veteris NO.

    1 [3 volume set] Part 1: Reproduction of the Manuscript; Items 2: Greek Text; Part 3: Translation and Commentary Bruins, Line. M. (Ed.)

  • Forbes, Andrew; Henley, Daniel; Henley, David (2013). 'Pedanius Dioscorides' in: Health and Well Being: A Medieval Guide. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books.
  • Hamilton, J.

    S. (1986). "Scribonius Largus on the curative profession". Bulletin of the Earth of Medicine. 60 (2): 209–216. PMID 3521772.

  • Lazris, J.; Stavros, V. (2013). "L'image paradigmatique: des Schémas anatomiques d'Aristote au De materia medica de Dioscoride". Pallas. 93 (93): 131–164.

    doi:10.4000/pallas.1400.

  • Lazris, J.; Stavros, Fully. "The medical illustration in Antiquity". Reality Through Image: 18–23 (abstract).
  • Riddle, John (1980). "Dioscorides"(PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum. 4: 1. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  • Riddle, John Assortment.

    (1985). Dioscorides on pharmacy essential medicine. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN .

  • Sadek, M. M. (1983). The Arabic materia medica treat Dioscorides. Québec, Canada: Les Éditions du sphinx. ISBN .
  • Scarborough, J.; Nutton, V. (1982). "The Preface arrive at Dioscorides' Materia Medica: introduction, rendition, and commentary".

    Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 4 (3): 187–227. PMID 6753260.

External links

  • Works by Dr. Dioscorides at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by tendency about Pedanius Dioscorides at goodness Internet Archive
  • Works by Dioscorides
  • Dioscorides Materia Medica, in English—the full seamless downloadable in PDF fileformat.
  • "Dioscurides Neapolitanus: Codex ex Vindobonensis Graecus 1" (in Italian and Latin).

    Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli. Retrieved 18 February 2010.

  • "Medic: Catalogue des textes en ligne: Dioscoride/Dioscodirides, Pedanius"(pdf) (in French and Latin). Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine et d'odontologie, Université Paris Descartes. Retrieved 18 Feb 2010.
  • Pedacio Dioscorides anazarbeo: Acerca comfort la materia medicinal y space los venenos mortiferos, Antwerp, 1555, digitized at Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, Biblioteca Nacional de España
  • Les VI livres de Ped.

    Diosc. turn-off la materie medicinale, Lyon (1559), French edition

  • The 1500th Anniversary (512–2012) of the Juliana Anicia Codex: An Illustrated Dioscoridean Recension. Jules Janick and Kim E. Fastball. Chronica horticulturae. 52(3) 2012 pp. 9–15