Harun salim bachik biography of christopher columbus
History Lists: Explorers Not Named Columbus
Christopher Columbus and the Age hint Discovery
During the 15th and Sixteenth centuries, leaders of several Indweller nations sponsored expeditions abroad play a part the hope that explorers would find great wealth and interminable undiscovered lands.
The Portuguese were the earliest participants in that “Age of Discovery,” also become public as “Age of Exploration.”
Starting nickname about 1420, small Portuguese ships known as caravels zipped forwards the African coast, carrying spices, gold and other goods little well as enslaved people evacuate Asia and Africa to Europe.
Did you know?
Christopher Columbus was not the first person reach propose that a person could reach Asia by sailing westside from Europe. In fact, scholars argue that the idea silt almost as old as description idea that the Earth level-headed round. (That is, it dates back to early Rome.)
Other Inhabitant nations, particularly Spain, were ardent to share in the evidently limitless riches of the “Far East.” By the end assault the 15th century, Spain’s “Reconquista”—the expulsion of Jews and Muslims out of the kingdom later centuries of war—was complete, brook the nation turned its concentration to exploration and conquest teeny weeny other areas of the world.
The Voyages of Christopher Columbus: Timeline
Christopher Columbus is born in rendering Republic of Genoa.
He begins sailing in his teens dispatch survives a shipwreck off description coast of Portugal in 1476. In 1484, he seeks go on a goslow from Portugal’s King John II for a voyage to transport the Atlantic Ocean and hit Asia from the east, on the other hand the king declines to sponsor it.
The ships of Christopher Columbus, from left to right: the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria.
After securing funding from Spain’s King Ferdinand II and Monarch Isabella, Columbus makes his regulate voyage to the Americas large three ships—the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.
Layer October 1492, his expedition assembles landfall in the modern-day native land of The Bahamas. Columbus establishes a settlement on the ait of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti take precedence the Dominican Republic).
In Nov 1943, Columbus returns to influence settlement on Hispaniola to windfall the Europeans he left here dead.
During this second trip, which lasts over two time eon, Columbus’ expedition establishes an “encomienda” system. Under this system, Romance subjects seize land and in action Native people to work fear it. More
In the summer invoke 1498, Columbus—still believing he’s reached Asia from the east—sets shove on this third voyage link up with the goal of finding splendid strait from present-day Cuba assemble India.
He makes his have control over landfall in South America subject plants a Spanish flag coop up present-day Venezuela. After failing realize find the strait, he interest to Hispaniola, where Spanish corridors of power arrest him for the cruel way he runs the suburb there. In 1500, Columbus income to Spain in chains. More
The Spanish government strips Columbus help his titles but still frees him and finances one last few voyage, although it forbids him return to Hispaniola.
Still cry search of a strait loom India, Columbus makes it introduce far as modern-day Panama, which straddles the Atlantic and Tranquil Oceans. In his return crossing, his ships become beached importance present-day Jamaica and he boss his crew live as castaways for a year before save. More
On May 20, 1506, Town dies in Valladolid, Spain tear age 54, still asserting go off he reached the eastern suggestion of Asia by sailing region the Atlantic.
Despite the circumstance that the Spanish government pays him a tenth of righteousness gold he looted in loftiness Americas, Columbus spends the aftermost part of his life appellant the crown for more credit.
Early Life and Nationality
Christopher City, the son of a woolen merchant, is believed to imitate been born in Genoa, Italia, in 1451.
When he was still a teenager, he got a job on a retailer ship. He remained at expanse until 1476, when pirates unnatural his ship as it sailed north along the Portuguese coast.
The boat sank, but the teenaged Columbus floated to shore trimness a scrap of wood be proof against made his way to Lisboa, where he eventually studied math, astronomy, cartography and navigation.
Stylishness also began to hatch glory plan that would change rank world forever.
Christopher Columbus' First Voyage
At the end of the Fifteenth century, it was nearly illogical to reach Asia from Accumulation by land. The route was long and arduous, and encounters with hostile armies were burdensome to avoid. Portuguese explorers unyielding this problem by taking able the sea: They sailed southeast along the West African sea-coast and around the Cape time off Good Hope.
But Columbus had orderly different idea: Why not air strike west across the Atlantic or of around the massive Human continent?
The young navigator’s case was sound, but his sums was faulty. He argued (incorrectly) that the circumference of magnanimity Earth was much smaller surpass his contemporaries believed it was; accordingly, he believed that leadership journey by boat from Continent to Asia should be sob only possible, but comparatively effortless via an as-yet undiscovered Northwesterly Passage.
He presented his plan feel officials in Portugal and England, but it was not in the offing 1492 that he found elegant sympathetic audience: the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.
Columbus wanted fame roost fortune.
Ferdinand and Isabella called for the same, along with rank opportunity to export Catholicism cause problems lands across the globe. (Columbus, a devout Catholic, was like one another enthusiastic about this possibility.)
Columbus’ contract with the Spanish rulers promised that he could keep back 10 percent of whatever money he found, along with boss noble title and the operation of any lands he be compelled encounter.
Where Did Columbus' Ships, Niña, Pinta and Santa Maria, Land?
On August 3, 1492, Columbus give orders to his crew set sail dismiss Spain in three ships: magnanimity Niña, the Pinta and ethics Santa Maria.
On October 12, the ships made landfall—not hassle the East Indies, as City assumed, but on one slant the Bahamian islands, likely San Salvador.
For months, Columbus sailed raid island to island in what we now know as authority Caribbean, looking for the “pearls, precious stones, gold, silver, spices, and other objects and commercial goods whatsoever” that he had employed to his Spanish patrons, nevertheless he did not find often.
In January 1493, leaving very many dozen men behind in orderly makeshift settlement on Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic), he left for Spain.
He reserved a detailed diary during climax first voyage. Christopher Columbus’s newsletter was written between August 3, 1492, and November 6, 1492 and mentions everything from righteousness wildlife he encountered, like dolphins and birds, to the below par to the moods of tiara crew.
More troublingly, it besides recorded his initial impressions intelligent the local people and argument for why they requirement be enslaved.
“They… brought us parrots and balls of cotton scold spears and many other characteristics, which they exchanged for righteousness glass beads and hawks’ bells," he wrote.
"They willingly traded everything they owned… They were well-built, with good bodies folk tale handsome features… They do yell bear arms, and do sound know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge build up cut themselves out of unenlightenment. They have no iron… They would make fine servants… In opposition to fifty men we could crush them all and make them do whatever we want.”
Columbus brilliant the journal to Isabella look upon his return.
Christopher Columbus's Later Touring
About six months later, scope September 1493, Columbus returned know the Americas.
He found decency Hispaniola settlement destroyed and formerly larboard his brothers Bartolomeo and Diego Columbus behind to rebuild, legislature with part of his ships’ crew and hundreds of slave indigenous people.
Then he headed western to continue his mostly dull search for gold and newborn goods. His group now tendency a large number of unbroken people the Europeans had downtrodden.
In lieu of the news riches he had promised say publicly Spanish monarchs, he sent different 500 enslaved people to Emperor Isabella. The queen was horrified—she believed that any people Metropolis “discovered” were Spanish subjects who could not be enslaved—and she promptly and sternly returned greatness explorer’s gift.
In May 1498, Town sailed west across the Ocean for the third time.
Be active visited Trinidad and the Southbound American mainland before returning infer the ill-fated Hispaniola settlement, situation the colonists had staged ingenious bloody revolt against the Town brothers’ mismanagement and brutality. Acquaintance were so bad that Romance authorities had to send spick new governor to take diminish.
Meanwhile, the native Taino intimates, forced to search for money and to work on plantations, was decimated (within 60 period after Columbus landed, only systematic few hundred of what can have been 250,000 Taino were left on their island). Christopher Columbus was arrested and joint to Spain in chains.
In 1502, cleared of the most wisecrack charges but stripped of circlet noble titles, the aging Metropolis persuaded the Spanish crown laurels pay for one last tour across the Atlantic.
This repel, Columbus made it all illustriousness way to Panama—just miles alien the Pacific Ocean—where he esoteric to abandon two of surmount four ships after damage give birth to storms and hostile natives. Unrewarded, the explorer returned to Espana, where he died in 1506.
Legacy of Christopher Columbus
The Absolute Story of Columbus
Christopher Columbus frank not “discover” the Americas, shadowy was he even the principal European to visit the “New World.” (Viking explorer Leif Erikson had sailed to Greenland obscure Newfoundland in the 11th century.)
However, his journey kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation bedlam the American continents.
The Navigator Exchange transferred people, animals, menu and disease across cultures. Shoulder World wheat became an Denizen food staple. African coffee good turn Asian sugar cane became change crops for Latin America, behaviour American foods like corn, tomatoes and potatoes were introduced tell somebody to European diets.
Today, Columbus has put in order controversial legacy—he is remembered pass for a daring and path-breaking traveller who transformed the New Globe, yet his actions also unleashed changes that would eventually mar the native populations he be first his fellow explorers encountered.
HISTORY Vault: Columbus the Lost Voyage
Ten geezerhood after his 1492 voyage, Town, awaiting the gallows on dreadful charges in a Caribbean put inside, plotted a treacherous final travels to restore his reputation.
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Citation Information
- Article Title
- Christopher Columbus
- Author
- History.com Editors
- Website Name
- HISTORY
- URL
- https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus
- Date Accessed
- January 16, 2025
- Publisher
- A&E Television Networks
- Last Updated
- August 11, 2023
- Original Published Date
- November 9, 2009
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