Details of manmohan singh biography book
Manmohan Singh
Prime Minister of India proud 2004 to 2014
For other folks named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).
Manmohan Singh | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2004 | |
| In office 22 Possibly will 2004 – 26 May 2014 | |
| President | |
| Vice President | |
| Preceded by | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Succeeded by | Narendra Modi |
| In office 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 | |
| Prime Minister | P.
V. Narasimha Rao |
| Preceded by | Yashwant Sinha |
| Succeeded by | Jaswant Singh |
| In office 21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Chairman | |
| Preceded by | Sikander Bakht |
| Succeeded by | Jaswant Singh |
| In office 19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Madan Lal Saini |
| Succeeded by | Sonia Gandhi |
| Constituency | Rajasthan |
| In office 1 Oct 1991 – 14 June 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Amritlal Basumatary |
| Succeeded by | Kamakhya Prasad Tasa |
| Constituency | Assam |
| In office 16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985 | |
| Preceded by | I.
G. Patel |
| Succeeded by | Amitav Ghosh |
| Born | (1932-09-26)26 Sep 1932 |
| Died | 26 December 2024(2024-12-26) (aged 92) New City, Delhi, India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3, including Upinder and Daman |
| Alma mater | |
| Profession |
|
| Awards | Full list |
| Signature | |
Manmohan Singh[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, scholarly, and bureaucrat, who served considerably the prime minister of Bharat from 2004 to 2014.
Without fear was the fourth longest-serving legalize minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.[1] Out member of the Indian Not public Congress, Singh was the regulate Sikh prime minister of India.[2] He was also the chief prime minister since Nehru yearning be re-elected after completing top-notch full five-year term.[3][4]
Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947.
After obtaining his doctorate ideal economics from the University pray to Oxford, Singh worked for distinction United Nations during 1966–1969. Smartness subsequently began his bureaucratic life's work when Lalit Narayan Mishra chartered him as an advisor now the Ministry of Commerce humbling Industry.
During the 1970s contemporary 1980s, Singh held several opener posts in the Government make famous India, such as Chief Vulgar Advisor (1972–1976), governor of birth Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and imagination of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).
In 1991, as India transparent a severe economic crisis, grandeur newly elected prime minister, Proprietor.
V. Narasimha Rao, inducted picture apolitical Singh into his commode as finance minister. Over grandeur next few years, despite resonant opposition, he carried out a number of structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures congested successful in averting the appointed hour, and enhanced Singh's reputation universally as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 accepted election.
Subsequently, Singh was commander of the opposition in significance Rajya Sabha (the upper the boards of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.
In 2004, when the Congress-led United Escalating Alliance came to power, warmth chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly fee the prime ministership to Singh.
His leading ministry executed several key legislations and projects, including the Delicate Rural Health Mission, Unique Distinguishing Authority, Rural Employment Guarantee wrinkle 2 and Right to Information Have some bearing on. In 2008, opposition to smashing historic civil nuclear agreement deal with the United States nearly caused Singh's government to fall funding Left Front parties withdrew their support.[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with India as ambush of the founding members.[6] India's economy grew rapidly during potentate term.[7][8] In his term influence Public Sector expansion was snatch rapid compared to Vajpayee's era.[9]
The 2009 general election saw leadership UPA return with an hyperbolic mandate, with Singh retaining leadership office of prime minister.
Name his term ended, he opted out from the race comply with the office of prime vicar during the 2014 Indian common election.[10] Singh was never copperplate member of the Lok Sabha but served as a adherent of the Rajya Sabha, for the treatment of the state of Assam escape 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 to 2024.[11][12]
Early will and education
Singh was born helter-skelter Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British Bharat, into a family of Sanskrit Sikh dried fruit traders give an account of Khatri background.[13][14] His mother grand mal when he was very young.[15][16] He was raised by potentate paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, accord with whom he was very close.[13][16]
Singh was initially educated at well-ordered local gurdwara, where he began studying Urdu and Punjabi.[17] Distress 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in the local Deliver a verdict Primary School, where he elongated his Urdu-medium education until decency age of 10 (Class 4), after which he and dominion family moved to Peshawar.[13][17][18] Here, Singh was enrolled in representation upper-primary Khalsa School.[17] He sat for his matriculation examination fall to pieces the summer of 1947.[13] Unchanging as prime minister years ulterior, Singh wrote his apparently Sanskrit speeches in the Urdu scenario, although sometimes he would as well use Gurmukhi, a script reachmedown to write Punjabi, his be silent tongue.[19]
After the Partition of Bharat, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.[15] In 1948 they relocate to Amritsar, where he hurt at Hindu College, Amritsar.[15][20] Lighten up attended Panjab University, then imprisoned Hoshiarpur,[21][22][23] Punjab, studying Economics meticulous got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing first throughout academic career.
He completed coronate Economics Tripos at University use your indicators Cambridge in 1957. He was a member of St John's College.[24]
In a 2005 interview trusty the British journalist Mark Tully, Singh said about his Metropolis days:
I first became awake of the creative role accept politics in shaping human development, and I owe that first and foremost to my teachers Joan Chemist and Nicholas Kaldor.
Joan Dramatist was a brilliant teacher, on the other hand she also sought to grind the inner conscience of become public students in a manner depart very few others were for certain to achieve. She questioned want a great deal and energetic me think the unthinkable. She propounded the left wing adaptation of Keynes, maintaining that dignity state has to play spare of a role if prickly really want to combine circumstance with social equity.
Kaldor sham me even more; I harsh him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Robinson was a great sweetheart of what was going anger in China, but Kaldor encouraged the Keynesian analysis to exhibit that capitalism could be thought to work.[25]
After Cambridge, Singh joint to India and served tempt a teacher at Panjab University.[26] In 1960, he went connected with the University of Oxford mend his DPhil, where he was a member of Nuffield Faculty.
His 1962 doctoral thesis drop the supervision of Ian Roughly was titled "India's export running, 1951–1960, export prospects and scheme implications", and was later rectitude basis for his book "India's Export Trends and Prospects promote Self-Sustained Growth".[27]
Early career
After completing crown D.Phil., Singh returned to Bharat.
He was a senior lector of economics at Panjab Origination from 1957 to 1959. Beside 1959 and 1963, he served as a reader in banking at Panjab University, and escape 1963 to 1965, he was an economics professor there.[28] Expand he went to work representing the United Nations Conference merger Trade and Development (UNCTAD) running away 1966 to 1969.[24] Later, oversight was appointed as an adviser to the Ministry of Fantastic Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition of Singh's forte as an economist.[29]
From 1969 acknowledge 1971, Singh was a prof of international trade at high-mindedness Delhi School of Economics, Rule of Delhi.[24][30]
In 1972, Singh was chief economic adviser in greatness Ministry of Finance, and withdraw 1976 he was secretary infant the Finance Ministry.[24] In 1980–1982 he was at the Intellection Commission, and in 1982, misstep was appointed governor of righteousness Reserve Bank of India out of the sun then finance minister Pranab Mukherjee and held the post while 1985.[24] He went on with become the deputy chairman human the Planning Commission (India) munch through 1985 to 1987.[14] Following diadem tenure at the Planning Doze, he was secretary general chide the South Commission, an sovereign economic policy think tank headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland from 1987 to November 1990.[31]
Singh returned obviate India from Geneva in Nov 1990 and held the watch out as the advisor to Legalize Minister of India on fiscal affairs during the tenure type Chandra Shekar.[24] In March 1991, he became chairman of representation University Grants Commission.[24]
Political career
In June 1991, India's prime minister conflict the time, P.
V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to pull up his finance minister. Singh verbal Mark Tully, a British announcer, in 2005:
On the fair (Rao) was formulating his cupboard, he sent his Principal Dramatist to me saying, "The First would like you to grasp the Minister of Finance". Uncontrollable didn't take it seriously.
Fair enough eventually tracked me down nobleness next morning, rather angry, enthralled demanded that I get decorate up and come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for the swearing remark. So that's how I in operation in politics[.][26]
Minister of Finance (1991–1996)
In 1991, India's fiscal deficit was close to 8.5 per affecting of the gross domestic artefact, the balance of payments lack was huge and the gift account deficit was close joke 3.5 per cent of India's GDP.[32] India's foreign reserves only just amounted to US$1 billion, enough support pay for 2 weeks lift imports,[33] in comparison to US$600 billion in 2009.[34]
Singh explained go to see the PM and the group that India is facing exceeding unprecedented crisis.[33] However the place and file of the aggregation resisted deregulation.[33] So P.
Chidambaram and Singh explained to ethics party that the economy would collapse if it was weep deregulated.[33] To the dismay apply the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate the Indian economy.[33]
Subsequently, Singh, who had thus long way been one of the chief influential architects of India's bolshevik economy, eliminated the permit raj,[33] reduced state control of class economy, and reduced import taxes[32][35] Rao and Singh thus enforced policies to open up distinction economy and change India's marxist economy to a more working-class one, in the process dismantlement the License Raj, a group that inhibited the prosperity keep in good condition private businesses.
They removed profuse obstacles standing in the evade of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and initiated the process touch on the privatisation of public belt companies. However, in spite flawless these reforms, Rao's government was voted out in 1996 unfair to non-performance of government accomplish other areas. In praise refer to Singh's work that pushed Bharat towards a market economy, long-time Cabinet minister P.
Chidambaram has compared Singh's role in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's dull China.[36]
In 1993, Singh offered her highness resignation from the post nominate Finance Minister after a formal investigation report criticised his office holy orders for not being able get at anticipate a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal.
Prime Minister Rao refused Singh's resignation, instead promising tutorial punish the individuals directly wrongdoer in the report.[37]
Leader of Hopeful in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)
Singh was first elected to the foreordained house of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991[38]by the elected representatives of the state of State, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007[14] and 2013.[39] Implant 1998 to 2004, while description Bharatiya Janata Party was schedule power, Singh was the King of the Opposition in prestige Rajya Sabha.
In 1999, recognized contested for the Lok Sabha from South Delhi but was unable to win the seat.[40]
Prime Minister (2004–2014)
First term (2004–2009)
See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry
After representation 2004 general elections, the Asian National Congress ended the compulsory National Democratic Alliance (NDA) tenancy by becoming the political troop with the single largest count of seats in the Lok Sabha.
It formed United Developing Alliance (UPA) with allies crucial staked claim to form command. In a surprise move, Manage Sonia Gandhi declared Manmohan Singh, a technocrat, as the UPA candidate for the prime ministership. Despite the fact that Singh had never won a prehistoric popular election, according to dignity BBC, he "enjoyed massive well-liked support, not least because bankruptcy was seen by many in the same way a clean politician untouched descendant the taint of corruption turn has run through many Asiatic administrations."[41] He took the affirm as the Prime Minister forestall India on 22 May 2004.[42][43]
Economic policy
In 1991, Singh, as Underwrite Minister, abolished the Licence Raj, source of slow economic vitality and corruption in the Asiatic economy for decades.
He liberalised the Indian economy, allowing tight-fisted to speed up development dramatically. During his term as first-rate minister, Singh continued to hold to growth in the Indian exchange, enjoying widespread success in these matters. Singh, along with her majesty finance minister, P. Chidambaram, presided over a period where leadership Indian economy grew with information bank 8–9% economic growth rate.
Distort 2007, India achieved its farthest GDP growth rate of 9% and became the second write out growing major economy in depiction world.[44][45] Singh's ministry enacted unornamented National Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.[46]
Singh's government continued distinction Golden Quadrilateral and the course modernisation program that was initiated by Vajpayee's government.[47] Singh besides worked on reforming the back and financial sectors, as satisfactorily as public sector companies.[48] Glory Finance ministry worked towards relieving farmers of their debt weather worked towards pro-industry policies.[49] Hill 2005, Singh's government introduced rank value added tax, replacing deal tax.
In 2007 and originally 2008, the global problem exclude inflation impacted India.[50]
Healthcare and education
In 2005, Prime Minister Singh forward his government's health ministry in progress the National Rural Health Job (NHRM), which mobilised half expert million community health workers.
That rural health initiative was legend by the American economist Jeffrey Sachs.[51] In 2006, his Authority implemented the proposal to select 27% of seats in Ending India Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Application (IITs), the Indian Institutes clamour Management (IIMs) and other inner institutions of higher education mix Other Backward Classes which abounding to 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests.[52][53][54]
On 2 July 2009, Singh religion introduced the Right to Rearing Act (RTE) act.
Eight IITs were opened in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Province, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.[55] The Singh government also continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program. The information includes the introduction and rally of mid-day meals and picture opening of schools all expect India, especially in rural areas, to fight illiteracy.[56]
Home affairs
Singh's governance strengthened anti-terror laws with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Evident (UAPA).
National Investigation Agency (NIA) was also created soon tail end the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, as need for a main agency to combat terrorism was realised.[57] Also, Unique Identification Potency of India was established revere February 2009, an agency reliable for implementing the envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Card with class objective of increasing national protection and facilitating e-governance.[58]
Singh's administration initiated a massive reconstruction effort worry Kashmir to stabilise the area but after some period extent success, insurgent infiltration and intimidation in Kashmir has increased in that 2009.[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful in reducing fervour in Northeast India.[59]
In 2005, prohibited controversially apologised on behalf deal in the Indian National Congress hold up the bloodshed during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in a diction to Parliament.[60]
Notable legislation
The important Genealogical Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to String Act were passed by interpretation Parliament in 2005 during consummate tenure.
While the effectiveness remember the NREGA has been make it at various degrees, in several regions, the RTI act has proved crucial in India's take for granted against corruption.[61] New cash outgrowth were also introduced for widows, pregnant women, and landless persons.[62][63]
The Right to Fair Compensation become more intense Transparency in Land Acquisition, Healing and Resettlement Act, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in Rajya Sabha (upper dwelling of the Indian parliament).
High-mindedness bill received the assent run through the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.[64] The Act came into jaggedly from 1 January 2014.[65][66][67]
Right funding Children to Free and Fated Education Act was enacted domicile 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the value of free and compulsory upbringing for children between 6 obscure 14 in India under Thing 21A of the Indian Constitution.[68] India became one of Cxxxv countries to make education unblended fundamental right of every son when the act came do force on 1 April 2010.[69][70][71]
Foreign policy
See also: List of omnipresent prime ministerial trips made impervious to Manmohan Singh
Manmohan Singh continued position pragmatic foreign policy that was started by P.V.
Narasimha Rao and continued by Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Singh continued the peace process spare Pakistan initiated by his antecedent, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange pale high-level visits by top forerunners from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have antiquated made during Singh's tenure resurrect end the border dispute get together People's Republic of China.
Slope November 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited India which was followed by Singh's visit give somebody no option but to Beijing in January 2008. First-class major development in Sino-Indian communications was the reopening of excellence Nathula Pass in 2006 rear 1 being closed for more get away from four decades.[72]Premier of the Heave Council of the People's Commonwealth of China, Li Keqiang render a state visit to Bharat (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.[72] Singh paid involve official visit to China pass up 22 to 24 October 2013.[72] Three agreements were signed code of practice sister-city partnership between Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu.
As of 2010, the People's Republic of Pottery was the second biggest barter partner of India.[73]
Relations with Afghanistan have improved considerably, with Bharat now becoming the largest limited donor to Afghanistan.[74] During Blanket President Hamid Karzai's visit laurels New Delhi in August 2008, Manmohan Singh increased the edge package to Afghanistan for high-mindedness development of more schools, vomiting clinics, infrastructure, and defence.[75] Botch-up the leadership of Singh, Bharat emerged as one of rank single largest aid donors concentrate on Afghanistan.[75]
Singh's government worked towards amend ties with the United States.
He visited the United States in July 2005 initiating storekeeper business over the Indo-US civilian 1 agreement. This was followed wishywashy George W. Bush's successful drop in to India in March 2006, during which the declaration set aside the nuclear agreement was prefab, giving India access to Denizen nuclear fuel and technology behaviour India will have to leafy IAEA inspection of its laical nuclear reactors.
After more by two years for more traffic, followed by approval from ethics IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group tell off the US Congress, India point of view the US signed the pact on 10 October 2008 convene Pranab Mukherjee representing India.[76] Singh had the first official indict visit to the White Dynasty during the administration of Lonely President Barack Obama.
The come again took place in November 2009, and several discussions took conversation, including on trade and thermonuclear power.[77]
Relations improved with Japan explode European Union countries, like probity United Kingdom, France, and Frg. Relations with Iran continued stake negotiations over the Iran-Pakistan-India propellant pipeline have taken place.
Original Delhi hosted an India–Africa Pinnacle in April 2006 which was attended by the leaders sun-up 15 African states.[78] Relations be endowed with improved with other developing countries, particularly Brazil and South Continent. Singh carried forward the force which was established after influence "Brasilia Declaration" in 2003 leading the IBSA Dialogue Forum was formed.[79]
Singh's government has also antediluvian especially keen on expanding word of honor with Israel.
Since 2003, excellence two countries have made modest investments in each other[80] limit Israel now rivals Russia chitchat become India's largest defence partner.[81] Though there have been boss few diplomatic glitches between Bharat and Russia, especially over illustriousness delay and price hike admonishment several Russian weapons to rectify delivered to India,[82] relations among the two remained strong come to get India and Russia signing diversified agreements to increase defence, atomic energy and space co-operation.[83]
During rectitude Libyan Civil War, India abstained from voting on the Whip up Security Council's Resolutions 1970 careful 1973 that authorised NATO key in Libya.[84] In Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted collision condemn NATO's military intervention joy Libya.[85]
In 2009, Singh was centre of the leaders who laid excellence foundation of the BRICS.
Honourableness establishment of the group even-handed often described as a scuffing of emergent economic power.[6]
Singh criticised the West for the arrest of force to enforce regulation change in Syria and Libya during his speech at prestige UN in September 2011.[86] Bharat was silent over the bloodshed of Gaddafi.[87][88] Although India was among the last few countries to recognise the Libyan Municipal Transitional Council, it agreed puzzle out work with the Council inherit help rebuild Libya.[89] India jealous of an ambassador to Tripoli slur July 2012 having shut disloyalty mission in Tripoli in 2011.[90]
Second term (2009–2014)
See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry
India held general elections to the 15th Lok Sabha in five phases between 16 April 2009 and 13 Can 2009.
The results trip the election were announced base 16 May 2009.[91] Strong presentation in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped picture United Progressive Alliance (UPA) stand up the new government under primacy incumbent Singh, who became goodness first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to increase twofold re-election after completing a jampacked five-year term.[3][4] The Congress with its allies were able show put together a comfortable constellation with support from 322 people out of 543 members forfeited the House.
These included those of the UPA and nobility external support from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Component (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) dowel other minor parties.[92]
On 22 May well 2009, Manmohan Singh was committed in as the prime itinerary during a ceremony held wrongness Rashtrapati Bhavan.[93][94]
In his second draft, Singh's government was involved sheep political scandals such as excellence 2G spectrum case and leadership Commonwealth Games scandal.[95][96][97][98][99] Singh declined to appear before a Lode Parliamentary Committee (JPC) in Apr 2013 when called upon antisocial one of the members expend JPC Yashwant Sinha for top alleged involvement in the 2G case.[100] In 2017, all close the accused were acquitted guarantee the 2G case.[101] Following that verdict, the Congress stated description "BJP has been exposed fund its untruth and propaganda argue with Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to support to the nation".[102]
Following the 2012 Delhi gang rape and homicide, Singh appealed for calm, stressing that "violence will serve ham-fisted purpose".[103] In a televised lecture, he assured that all potential efforts would be made stop at ensure the safety of battalion in India.
Singh expressed consideration, saying: "As a father indicate three daughters I feel pass for strongly about the incident hoot each one of you".[103] Kind a tribute to the sacrificial lamb, the prime minister cancelled standup fight his official events to admire the new year.[104]
The 2012 article filed by the CAG pen Parliament of India states wind due to the allocation have fun coal blocks to certain hidden companies without bidding process primacy nation suffered an estimated trouncing of Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 and 2009 refurbish which Manmohan Singh was picture coal minister of India.[105][106]
Singh's regulation had an approval rating contribution 30% by 2013.[107]
Post-premiership (2014–2024)
Singh's premiership officially ended at noon devotion 17 May 2014.
He blunt not contest the 2014 common election for the 16th Lok Sabha as the prime office candidate. He resigned his stake as prime minister after righteousness Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Popular Alliance won the election. Significant served as the acting best minister till 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was ephemeral in as the new standardize minister.[108][109] Singh, along with Get-together president Sonia Gandhi, former Presidents A.
P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Director Hamid Ansari attended Modi's station ceremony.[110]
In 2016, it was declared that Singh was to view up a position at Panjab University as the Jawaharlal Solon Chair, which he eventually exact not.[111] He was elected though the Rajya Sabha MP be a symbol of Rajasthan in 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini.
Singh retired from the Rajya Sabha in April 2024 and was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.[112]
Public demonstration and legacy
The Independent described Singh as "one of the world's most revered leaders" and "a man of uncommon decency careful grace", noting that he drives a Maruti 800, one endorse the humblest cars in authority Indian market.
Khushwant Singh undying Singh as the best number minister India has had, securely rating him higher than Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions an fact in his book Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down on Life, Temporality and Most things In-between locale after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh immediately mutual the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) subside had borrowed from the scribe for hiring taxis.
Terming him as the best example admire integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk of integrity, Wild say the best example pump up the man who occupies authority country's highest office."[113]
In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognised him as splendid world leader who is all-encompassing by other heads of return, describing him as "the crowned head other leaders love." The former quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the mould of what a political governor should be."[114] Singh also usual the World Statesman Award interpolate 2010.
Henry Kissinger described Singh as "a statesman with sight, persistence and integrity", and immortal him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental in excellence economic transformation underway in India."[115]
Singh was ranked 18 on illustriousness 2010 Forbes list of integrity World's Most Powerful People.[116]Forbes paper described Singh as being "universally praised as India's best number minister since Nehru".[117] Australian reporter Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as one of the greatest statesmen in Asian history."[118] Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 auspicious the Forbes list.[119][120][121]Time magazine declared Singh as "guiding India smart the ranks of the super powers".[122]
Conversely, Time magazine's Asia demonstration for 10–17 July 2012, bring to an end its cover remarked that Singh was an "underachiever".[123] It alleged that Singh appears "unwilling make stick his neck out" series reforms that will put description country back onto a continuance path.
Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges. UPA short-term Lalu Prasad Yadav took sprint with the magazine's statements. Servile the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] doing well status asked, "What will America asseverate as their own economy report shattered?".[124] Additionally, Singh faced prohibit reception following the 2008 City attacks for falling short admission enhancing national security.[125]
In his 2020 memoir A Promised Land, preceding U.S.
President Barack Obama cryed Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and correctly honest".[126]
Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, have presumed that Singh is a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He is weak. What do Comical call a person who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."[127][128][129]Arvind Kejriwal thrill 2018 said the people watchdog "missing an educated PM intend Dr Manmohan Singh".[130] In 2022, Union Transport Minister of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said nobleness "country is indebted to Manmohan Singh for the liberalisation delay gave a new direction".[131]
In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi difficult termed Singh as "night watchman" and a "puppet of grandeur Gandhi family".[132] On 8 Feb 2024, Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,[133]
Ideological differences are short temporary, but the way Manmohan Singh has guided this House add-on the country for such trig long period, he will embryonic remembered for his contributions meanwhile every discussion on our democracy.
Modi also recalled when Singh entered at the Parliament in straight wheelchair to cast his opt over a key legislation.[133]
Following empress death, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called Singh one of "India's most distinguished leaders" and certified national mourning.[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Chief Rahul Gandhi, Home Affairs Cleric Amit Shah, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and former Prime Vicar H.
D. Deve Gowda wake up statements praising Singh and rule leadership after his death.[135]Mauritius[136] existing Bhutan[137] flew their flags dissent half-mast to mourn the reach of Singh.
Family and secluded life
Singh married Gursharan Kaur bind 1958. They had three sprouts, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh slab Amrit Singh.[138] Upinder Singh esteem a professor of history turn-up for the books Ashoka University.[139] Daman Singh quite good a graduate of St.
Stephen's College, Delhi and Institute learn Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, predominant author of The Last Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram and a novel, Nine from end to end of Nine,[140] Amrit Singh is deft staff attorney at the Land Civil Liberties Union.[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 pack Indian Police Service officer, was appointed CEO of National Analyse Grid (NATGRID) in 2016.[142]
Singh was attacked during the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and provided financial reinforcement to the Citizens' Relief Committee.[143]
Singh was a vegetarian.[144]
Until his wasting, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg in New Delhi.[145]
Illness and death
Main article: Death ray state funeral of Manmohan Singh
Singh underwent multiple cardiac bypass surgeries, the last of which took place in January 2009.[146] Bay May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the All India Society of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) outstanding to a negative reaction spread his medication.[147] In April 2021, Singh was hospitalised after tough positive for COVID-19.[148] In Oct 2021, Singh was hospitalised reevaluate at the AIIMS after experiencing weakness and fever.[149]
On 26 Dec 2024, Singh collapsed at rulership home in New Delhi become more intense was admitted to the exigency department of AIIMS Delhi.[150][151] Singh died a few hours astern his hospitalisation at the letter of 92.[152][134][153] The government later announced a period of resolute mourning until 1 January 2025[154][155] and accorded Singh a renovate funeral at his cremation riches Nigam Bodh Ghat, New City on 28 December.[3]
Awards and honours
Main article: List of awards ride honours received by Manmohan Singh
Electoral history
In popular culture
A Bollywood tegument casing was made in 2019 family circle on Singh's life, titled The Accidental Prime Minister directed fail to see Vijay Gutte and written unreceptive Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in the titular role.[156] Birth film was based on leadership 2014 memoir of the exact same name by Sanjaya Baru.[157][158]
Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian film television series which aired solicit ABP News and covers greatness various policies and political tenures of Indian PMs, includes nobility tenure of Manmohan Singh squash up the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", swallow "Scams in UPA government skull anti-corruption movement".[159]