Lemony snicket author biography for book

(Daniel Handler)

Personal

Born Book Handler, February 28, 1970, coach in San Francisco, CA; married Lisa Brown (an art director); children: Otto. Education: Wesleyan University, gradational, 1992.

Addresses

Home—San Francisco, CA.

[email protected].

Career

Author, versifier, and "studied expert in high-sounding analysis." Comedy writer, The Dwelling of Blues Radio Hour, San Francisco, CA; freelance book pole movie reviewer.

Awards, Honors

Academy of Inhabitant Poets Prize, 1990; Olin sharing alliance, 1992; Quill Award, 2006, take care of The Penultimate Peril.

Writings

FOR CHILDREN; "A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS" SERIES

The Bad Beginning (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.

The Benedict arnold Room (also see below), plain by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.

The Wide Window (also see below), illustrated surpass Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2000.

The Miserable Mill (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2000.

The Austere Academy (also reveal below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2000.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Description Trouble Begins (contains The Inferior Beginning, The Reptile Room, pivotal The Wide Window), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

The Ersatz Elevator (also see below), illustrated get by without Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2001.

The Vile Village (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

The Hostile Hospital (also perceive below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Justness Situation Worsens (contains The Woebegone Mill, The Austere Academy, plus The Ersatz Elevator), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2002.

The Carnivorous Carnival (also see below), illustrated give up Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2002.

A Box of Troublesome Events: The Dilemma Deepens (contains The Vile Village, The Cruel Hospital, and The Carnivorous Carnival), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003.

The Slippery Slope (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003.

The Uncompromising Grotto (also see below), explicit by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2004.

A Box well Unfortunate Events: The Ominous Omnibus (contains The Bad Beginning, Honesty Reptile Room, and The Wide-open Window), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

The Penultimate Peril (also gaze below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Excellence Loathsome Library (contains The Inferior Beginning, The Reptile Room, Description Wide Window, The Miserable Not noteworthy, The Austere Academy, and The Ersatz Elevator), HarperCollins (New Dynasty, NY), 2005.

A Box of Down on one's luck Events: The Gloom Looms (contains The Grim Grotto, The Unsafe Slope, and The Penultimate Peril), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

The End (also see below), expressive by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

The Complete Wreck (omnibus), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

The Beatrice Letters, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

Author's work (under Snicket pseudonym) has been available in Germany, Italy, Norway, Kingdom, Japan, and Denmark.

FOR ADULTS; Embellish NAME DANIEL HANDLER

The Basic Eight, St.

Martin's Press (New Royalty, NY), 1999.

Watch Your Mouth, Respite. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 2000.

Adverbs, Ecco (New York, NY), 2006.

OTHER

Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, HarperTrophy (New York, NY), 2002.

(Author of introduction) Dino Buzzati, The Bears' Famous Invasion of Sicily, HarperTrophy, 2005.

The Puzzling Puzzles: Disruptive Games Which Will Bother Cruel People (activity book), HarperTrophy (New York, NY), 2006.

The Notorious Notations (blank journal), HarperFestival (New Dynasty, NY), 2006.

Horseradish: Bitter Truths Give orders Can't Avoid, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2007.

The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Christmas Story, illustrated by Lisa Brown, McSweeney's (New York, NY), 2007.

The Father Is Dead, illustrated by Environmentalist Ellis, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2008.

Contributor to Little Lit: Importance Was a Dark and Dopy Night, by Art Spiegelman, HarperCollins, 2003.

Contributor to periodicals, with Voice Literary Supplement, Newsday, Salon, and New York Times.

Adaptations

The Primary Eight was optioned for clever film by New Regency; A Series of Unfortunate Events was adapted for film, Paramount Flicks, 2004. The "A Series behove Unfortunate Events" books were right for audiobook.

Sidelights

Daniel Handler is loftiness author of the wildly accepted "A Series of Unfortunate Events" books penned under the incognito of Lemony Snicket.

The thirteen-volume series, which features the inflexible misadventures of the orphaned Poet children, tapped into a childish readership eager to deal discover irony, intelligent silliness, and Goth-like depressing situations in their conte. "Stories like these aren't cheerful," the author admitted in unmixed New York Times essay, "but they offer a truth—that valid trouble cannot be erased, matchless endured—that is more soothing envisage me than any determinedly joyous grin." In the words method London Guardian contributor Tim unrelated Lisle, Handler "has become influence Roald Dahl of our short holiday, plying eleven-year-olds with eloquently exuberant nastiness." Other books, including jurisdiction arch, holiday-themed The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Noel Story, continue in the Dahl-ian tradition.

Handler was born and protuberant in San Francisco, the corrupt of an accountant and keen college dean.

Growing up, proceed was "a bright and patent person," as he characterized mortal physically to Sally Lodge in Publishers Weekly. However, the incipient columnist "always wanted to be first-class dark, mysterious person." In books, he preferred stories "in which mysterious and creepy things happen," he told Lodge, and unwanted stories "where everyone joined nobleness softball team and had natty grand time or found wash love on a picnic." Interpretation youthful Handler sought out made-up à la Dahl or Prince Gorey, and his fiction hold juveniles has often been compared to the works of those two writers.

The first seamless Handler bought with his collected money was Gorey's The Flabbergast Aspic.

A student of San Francisco's prestigious and demanding Lowell Lofty School, Handler graduated in 1988, ty-

ing for Best Personality personage his graduating class. Eleven duration later, he set his gain victory novel at the fictional Roewer High, a barely concealed understudy for this school, wherein caste "pushed to the limit academically, socially and athletically," as Manager wrote.

After high school gradation, he attended Wesleyan University, prepossessing a Poets Prize from representation Academy of American Poets disintegrate 1990. His love for chime soon developed into a heat for novels. Upon graduation, resourcefulness Olin fellowship provided Handler unwavering the financial support to toil on his first novel. Revise of that book, however, would come several years later.

Meantime, there was a living look up to be earned. Handler spent undiluted couple of years in birth mid-1990s writing comedy sketches chaste a nationally syndicated radio communicate based in San Francisco, The House of Blues Radio Hour.

Things began looking up for Trainer when he moved to Different York City and began surmount literary career as a worker movie and book critic.

Past as a consequence o 1999, his first novel, The Basic Eight, was finally in print and earned respectful if fret praiseworthy reviews. The Basic Eight, though written for adults, caused some reviewers and booksellers tot up label it "YA" because depute focuses on a cast albatross high school students in excellent clique called The Basic Eight.

The Basic Eight, which deals be equal with a teenage murder, hit store shelves a month before loftiness tragic events at Colorado's Aquilege High School focused the nation's attention on teen violence.

Probity tale is narrated by Flannery Culp, who recounts the rumour of her senior year crash into Roewer High from her glasshouse cell where she is ration time for the murder be defeated a teacher and fellow adherent. Flan is, as a critic for Publishers Weekly observed, "precocious" and "pretentious." Reviled in high-mindedness press as a leader symbolize a Satanic cult, she silt determined to tell the just right truth of the tragicomic anecdote that landed her in lock-up instead of in some Vine League school.

At school, Flan, managing editor of the student paper however having trouble in calculus, relies on her seven friends: "Queen Bee" Kate, lovely Natasha, chef-in-the-making Gabriel, absinthe-fan Douglas, Jennifer Roseate Milton, and "V," the latest whose name is withheld draw attention to spare her wealthy family.

These eight form the elitist Chief Eight. Childhood games turn progressively serious when the group begins experimenting with absinthe, and run away with Natasha comes to Flan's recover by poisoning a biology instructor who has been plaguing spread friend. There is also Ecstasy State, a love interest consume Flan's, and it is crack up jealousy that ultimately leads extract his murder—by croquet mallet—as with flying colours.

The talk-show circuit quickly picks up on the story, employment this privileged clique a Diabolical cult.

Handler's characters ape the man world of their parents chunk throwing dinner parties and toting around hip flasks. "The story between teen social life, roll culture and serious violence be born with been explored below and victimised before," noted a Publishers Weekly critic, "but Handler, and Flannery, know that.

If they're whine the first to use much material, they may well put right the coolest." This same commentator concluded, "Handler's confident satire assay not only cheeky but chock-full with downright lovable characters whose youthful misadventures keep the version neatly balanced between absurdity current poignancy." In Booklist Stephanie Zvirin called the book "part revulsion story, part black comedy," code that The Basic Eight shows what can happen to "smart, privileged, cynical teens with very few rules, too much guard drink, too little supervision, charge boundless imagination." Library Journal benefactor Rebecca Kelm found Handler's longhand to be "witty and perceptive," and noted his "clever permissive of vocabulary and study questions" that poke fun at interpretation conventions of literary criticism constant worry high schools.

Kelm's admiration mean the book, however, was trained with the brutal murder mass its center. Also with different praise, a New Yorker reviewer wrote that while "Handler evolution a charming writer with first-class lovely mastery of voice," The Basic Eight "is weakened rough his attempt to turn well-ordered clever idea into a group satire."

For his second novel, Watch Your Mouth, Handler chose preference coming-of-age crucible: the college period.

Joseph is just finishing enthrone junior year at prestigious Mather College. There he has tumble luscious and lascivious Cynthia Shoot, whom he delights in employment Cyn with its intended bent over meaning. A surfeit of coitus has caused Joseph to give up the ghost behind in his studies crucial earn an Incomplete in make sure of class.

When Cyn recommends cruise Joseph spend the summer friendliness her and her family dwell in Pittsburgh, he leaps at goodness chance to stay close add up to his lover. There the glimmer will work days as Individual day-camp counselors, Joseph will have killed his incomplete, and their nightly will be their own. In times past settled in the Glass's component, however, Joseph is filled touch an unsettled foreboding.

It seems that father Ben pines as well much for his daughter, Cyn; that mother Mimi yearns likewise much for her son, Stephen; and that Stephen, at small, may return his mother's feelings.

Written in the form of play down opera, Watch Your Mouth employs realism and surrealism side do without side, and steps perilously bring to an end to the bounds of beneficial taste, according to some reviewers.

A Publishers Weekly reviewer matt-up that Handler's second novel wreckage so "twisted that even tutor protagonist can't keep up take out the perverse turns of plot." As the critic further ascertained, "this melodramatic satire of coat life trembles between virtuosity swallow utter collapse." In Library Journal Kelm dubbed the novel "quirky" and "offbeat," while Leventhal by his review by calling Watch Your Mouth "clever, witty, trip unpredictable."

The birth of Lemony Snicket came about when Handler was offered the chance to hang together books he might have enjoyed reading when he was begin.

Taking up the Snicket cite, which he had once devised to avoid getting on friendless mail lists, he was enchanted to revamp the entire solution of what constitutes an not yourself novel for juveniles, repealing blue blood the gentry old sports or fantasy categories that were available to him as a youth. The act out was The Bad Beginning, representation first of thirteen volumes recital the adventures of the Poet orphans.

As the "A Keep in shape of Unfortunate Events" books unfurl, siblings Violet, Klaus, and Polite Baudelaire not only lose their parents, but are then invariable upon by the vile Enumerate Olaf, whose one goal foresee life, it seems, is deliver to bilk the children out be proper of their fortune. The Baudelaire offspring is led by inventive fourteen-year-old Violet, while her rather hard-working brother, twelve-year-old Klaus, follows recede lead.

Then there is toddler Sunny, who has incredibly abruptly teeth for an infant jaunt employs a baby argot meander speaks volumes. Eschewing magic, Trainer imbues these children with evidence skills of a more neat nature, enabling them to vindicate themselves from a cornucopia comment hurled knives, falling lamps, storms, snakes, leeches, and just sincere rotten folks.

And all get ahead this is related in first-class deadpan, sophisticated text that has its tongue firmly planted behave cheek.

As readers meet them funny story The Bad Beginning, the combine Baudelaire children have lost their parents in a fire. Show results the oversight of the insignificant banker, Mr. Poe, they comprehend wards of Count Olaf, spruce up distant cousin.

He sets righteousness siblings to labor in fillet house, meanwhile devising schemes drag his theatrical troupe to proper the orphans of their devise. The three survive the count's attacks with spunk, initiative, perch, in the case of Well-mannered, sharp teeth. Handler/Snicket "uses impassive, Latinate language and intrusive interpretation to hilarious effect," noted unembellished review for Publishers Weekly funding the first title in prestige series.

The critic added put off the author "paints the lampoon with such broad strokes go most readers will view scheduled from a safe distance."

In The Reptile Room, it seems representation orphans will have a luck for happiness when they put in to live with Dr. Author Montgomery, a "very fun, nevertheless fatally naïve herpetologist," according deal with Ron Charles in the Christian Science Monitor. Unfortunately, their safe and sound haven is short-lived, spoiled past as a consequence o the arrival of the bovine Count Olaf.

Susan Dove Lempke, reviewing the first two adornments in Booklist, thought that grandeur "droll humor, reminiscent of Prince Gorey's, will be lost relegate some children; others may turn on the waterworks enjoy the old-fashioned storytelling bargain that frequently addresses the manual directly and includes definitions walk up to terms." Lempke went on, banish, to conclude that "plenty sustenance children will laugh at nobleness over-the-top satire; hiss at authority creepy nefarious villains; and tuber base for the intelligent, courageous, unlucky Baudelaire orphans." Linda Bindner, chirography in School Library Journal, illustrious that "while the misfortunes hang on the edge of teach ridiculous, Snicket's energetic blend make acquainted humor, dramatic irony, and studious flair makes it all absolutely believable."

The third book in nobility series, The Wide Window, finds the orphans with elderly Aunty Josephine who lives on span house on stilts which overlooks Lake Lachrymose.

Josephine is deft widow as well as precise frightful grammarian, and when Olaf finally tracks down the Baudelaires, he fools the aunt comply with a while into believing noteworthy is a sailboat captain. In the way that she finally stumbles onto coronet true identity, Olaf gets sickening of her by pushing say publicly good woman into leech-infested vocaliser and the peripatetic children mildew find a new protector.

Lempke noted that in this installation Snicket adopts "an old-fashioned tone," offering "plenty advice to readers in asides." "The effect problem often hilarious as well introduction edifying," the critic observed, things that "readers never truly be important that [the Baudelaire orphans] drive be defeated in this ambience their next adventure."

The Miserable Mill finds the three siblings view their way to Paltryville favour yet another guardian, this disgust the owner of the Surge Smells Lumbermill.

Here they mould work in the mill gift survive on gum for luncheon and casserole for dinner. Favor Olaf, is of course, surreptitious just offstage and preparing bump pounce. "The story is lusciously mock-Victorian and self-mockingly melodramatic," respected Booklist reviewer Carolyn Phelan, influence critic also commenting on Brett Helquist's artwork and on Handler's "many asides to the reader," both which "underscore the witty humor." As Sharon R.

Pearce observed in School Library Journal, the book's humor "exaggerates representation sour and makes anyone's hostile life seem sweet in comparison."

The saga continues in The Inhospitable Academy and The Ersatz Elevator. In the former title, justness Baudelaire children are consigned promote to a shack at the Prufrock Preparatory School where they endure snapping crabs, strict punishments, saturated fungus, and the evils keep in good condition the metric system.

In rendering latter book, they must disagree with new guardians Jerome pointer Esme Squalor while trying pay homage to save two friends from interpretation clutches of Count Olaf. "Series fans will enjoy the truthful pace, entertaining authorial asides, abide over-the-top characterizations, and … Helquist's droll pencil drawings will tag on to their reading pleasure," Phelan noted of The Ersatz Elevator.

In The Vile Village, the Baudelaires are adopted by the people of V.F.D., a town state-owned by a strict council show consideration for elders whose myriad rules manage every aspect of villagers' lives.

When the children are under the pretext of ad accused of murder, they blight escape from jail to ward off being burned at the post. "Arch literary allusions enhance honourableness stories for readers on contrary levels," noted School Library Journal contributor Farida S. Dowler. Probity Baudelaires volunteer their services use Heimlich Hospital in The Acrid Hospital, "another darkly amusing, unearthly adventure," as Phelan stated.

Nobleness trio is once again chased by Count Olaf and ruler cohorts, who this time forebode Violet with a cranioectomy. Print in Entertainment Weekly, Daniel Fierman praised the author's "devilish carnivals of wit, wordplay, and adventure."

The Carnivorous Carnival finds the family tree disguised as circus freaks unimportant person order to investigate Madame Murderer, a fortune teller who uses her crystal ball to tinder Olaf's evil plans.

"The slapstick is as sharp as ever," Heather Dieffenbach commented in School Library Journal. In The Self-conscious Slope, Violet and Klaus have to rescue young Sunny, who has been kidnaped by the total and taken to the Influence Mountains. According to Entertainment Weekly reviewer Alynda Wheat, the 10th entry in the series "is as delightfully dark as ever."

While searching for a vitally basic sugar bowl in The Intense Grotto, the Baudelaire children bright a new ally in sub captain Widdershins, who helps them battle Olaf and his despicable colleagues, Esme Squalor and Carmelita Spats.

Snicket/Handler's "villains remain pleasurably villainous, and the long-suffering Baudelaires still accept struggle without complaint," Zvirin stated. In The One before the last Peril, the Baudelaires gather dispute the Hotel Denouement, a locality organized according to the Pedagogue decimal classification and whose band include a host of symbols from earlier series installments.

Monkey Zvirin noted, "this inventive go-round seems more dizzying … leave speechless usual."

Snicket concluded "A Series forestall Unfortunate Events," with the decorously titled The End. Adrift bring the open seas with Esteem Olaf, the Baudelaires are deplete b empty ashore and welcomed by sharply islanders, though their haven does not remain safe for scrape by.

Several critics noted that that final installment offers a shapeless although somewhat ambiguous ending shout approval the series. In the give reasons for of Horn Book reviewer Claire E. Gross, "Where Snicket excels … is in balancing authority expectation of happy ending blaspheme his own repeated declarations go none exists." Henry Alford, scribble in the New York Time Book Review, offered a chill assessment, remarking that the novels offer an unconventional reading experience: "Where, in the end … does the ‘Unfortunate Events’ heap leave us?

It leaves ticklish reminded of what an attractive and offbeat educator Handler is." According to Alford, "the books seem at times like dinky covert mission to turn their readers into slightly dark-hued sophisticates…. amply prepared for the bumpy narrative landscapes of Borges extort Eco."

"The Snicket novels are probity tales, albeit twisted ones," practical Amy Benfer in her Salon.com review.

"Among other things, Snicket tells children that one obligated to never stay up late creep a school night, except cuddle finish a very good book; he insists that there crack nothing worse than someone who can't play the violin nevertheless insists upon doing so anyway." Through his use of constant authorial intrusions, interjection of definitions, and insertion of stage supervise, Handler "was mostly just listening device the heavy-handedness that I immortal from kid's books that Uncontrollable didn't like as a child," as he reported to Benfer.

"That sort of mockery seems to really appeal to kids."

Asked by Zvirin if he assumed the end of his set attendants with nostalgia, Handler responded: "A little. It's like watching your baby learn to walk guts your child graduate from school … but that doesn't bargain I'd want to do park again." However, the author famous to Bookseller interviewer Caroline Panic that his literary career laboratory analysis far from over.

"I compose to keep writing for descendants and adults," he said. "My problem isn't the search financial assistance ideas but how to engrave the ideas down." However, stylishness added, in typically morose aspect, "if no one pays gauche more attention to me carry on as a writer, well, guarantee will be exactly what Distracted predicted all along."

Biographical and Depreciating Sources

BOOKS

Haugen, Hayley Mitchell, Daniel Handler: The Real Lemony Snicket, Tornado (Detroit, MI), 2005.

PERIODICALS

ALAN Review, frost, 2001, Linda Broughton, review indicate The Miserable Mill, p.

35.

Book, July, 2001, Kathleen Odean, conversation of The Ersatz Elevator, owner. 81.

Booklist, March 15, 1999, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The Unsmiling Eight, p. 1289; December 1, 1999, Susan Dove Lempke, regard of The Bad Beginning, possessor. 707; February 1, 2000, Susan Dove Lempke, review of The Wide Window, p.

1024; May well 1, 2000, Carolyn Phelan, examine of The Miserable Mill, proprietor. 1670; June 1, 2000, Unmatched Leventhal, review of Watch Your Mouth, p. 1857; October 15, 2000, Susan Dove Lempke, conversation of The Austere Academy, owner. 439; August, 2001, Carolyn Phelan, reviews of The Ersatz Elevator and The Vile Village, owner.

2122; October 15, 2001, Carolyn Phelan, review of The Bitter Hospital, p. 392; June 1, 2002, review of Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, p. 1725; December 15, 2002, Susan Peacenik Lempke, review of The Hunting Carnival, p. 761; November 15, 2004, Stephanie Zvirin, review supplementary The Grim Grotto, p.

586; December 1, 2005, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The Penultimate Peril, p. 47; February 15, 2006, Allison Block, review of Adverbs, p. 5; October 15, 2006, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The End, p. 48.

Bookseller, May 19, 2006, Caroline Horn, "Lemony Snicket—A Happy Ending?," p.

32.

Christian Body of knowledge Monitor, August 12, 1999, Bokkos Charles, review of The Wick Beginning and The Reptile Room, p. 21.

Entertainment Weekly, November 2, 2001, Daniel Fierman, review short vacation The Hostile Hospital, p. 70; October 3, 2003, Alynda Cereal, review of The Slippery Slope, p.

79; September 24, 2004, Alynda Wheat, review of The Grim Grotto, p. 112; Oct 20, 2006, Alynda Wheat, study of The End, p. 86.

Guardian (London, England), June 7, 2006, Tim De Lisle, interview write down Handler.

Horn Book, March, 2001, Christine Heppermann, "Angel Wings and Burdensome Knocks," p.

239; January-February, 2007, Claire E. Gross, review cut into The End, p. 73.

Library Journal, March 15, 1999, Rebecca Kelm, review of The Basic Eight, p. 108; June 1, 2000, Rebecca Kelm, review of Watch Your Mouth, p. 196.

Newsweek, Sept 27, 2004, Malcolm Jones, question period with Lemony Snicket, p.

84.

New Yorker, June 21, 1999, dialogue of The Basic Eight.

New Dynasty Times, October 20, 2001, Magistrate Handler, "Frightening News: The Market price of Scary Stories," p. A17.

New York Times Book Review, Oct 22, 2006, Henry Alford, reviews of The End and The Beatrice Letters, p.

18.

New Dynasty Times Magazine, April 29, 2001, Daphne Merkin, "Lemony Snicket Says, ‘Don't Read My Books!’"

Publishers Weekly, March 1, 1999, review weekend away The Basic Eight, p. 59; September 6, 1999, review short vacation The Bad Beginning, p. 104; May 29, 2000, Sally Hunting-lodge, "Oh, Sweet Misery," p.

42; June 19, 2000, review check Watch Your Mouth, p. 60; October 6, 2003, review healthy The Slippery Slope, p. 86; October 18, 2004, review virtuous The Grim Grotto, p. 66; January 30, 2006, review signal Adverbs, p. 36; October 29, 2007, review of The Flapjack Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: Ingenious Christmas Story, p.

56.

School Look Journal, November, 1999, Linda Bindner, review of The Bad Beginning, p. 165; July, 2000, Sharon R. Pearce, review of The Miserable Mill, p. 110; Oct, 2000, Ann Cook, review adequate The Austere Academy, p. 171; August, 2001, Farida S. Dowler, reviews of The Ersatz Elevator and The Vile Village, pp.

188-189; November, 2001, Jean Gaffney, review of The Hostile Hospital, p. 164; January, 2003, Color Dieffenbach, review of The Rapacious Carnival, p. 144; January, 2004, Krista Tokarz, review of The Slippery Slope, p. 134.

ONLINE

A Periodical of Unfortunate Events Web site,http://www.lemonysnicket.com (February 1, 2008).

BookBrowser.com, http://www.bookbrowser.com/ (July 15, 2000), Jonathan Shipley, dialogue of Watch Your Mouth.

Lowell Online,http://www.thelowell.org/ (February 15, 1999), Philana Encourage, "Author Reflects on High High school Life."

Salon.com,http://www.salonmag.com/ (August 17, 2000), Obloquy Benfer, "The Mysterious Mr.

Snicket."